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anatomy exam 1
anatomy types of tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| EPITHELIAL TISSUE (and parts) | protective barriers separating cavities (linings) -protects against hostile agents -widespread in body -major tissue in glands -prevents dehydration and fluid loss -3 parts: 1. cilial 2. glandular 3. baseplate |
| cilial epithelium | hair like transporters |
| glandular epithelium | secretions |
| baseplate membrane (epithelium) | -made of collagen (structured protein) -stabilizes epithelium -joins connective tissue |
| 3 subtypes of epithelial tissue | 1. squamous 2. cuboidal 3. columnar |
| squamous epithelium | scales |
| cuboidal epithelium | cube shaped |
| columnar epithelium | column shaped |
| simple epithelial tissue | one layer |
| stratified epithelial tissue | more than one layer -offers more protection |
| CONNECTIVE TISSUE and types | binds and supports tissues and organs -matrix of intracellular material (liquid, solid, or gel-like) -widespread 1. areolar 2. adipose 3. fibrous 4. elastic 5. lymphoid 6. cartilage 7. blood 8. bone |
| areolar tissue (CT) | interstitial (space between) -supports/holds organs in place |
| adipose tissue (CT) | fat deposits that cushion |
| fibrous tissue (CT) | strong and dense for strong connections (LIGAMENTS) -"aponeurosis" lengthwise, dense but thin fibrous tissue |
| elastic tissue (CT) | springy, for things that stretch -found in bronchi, trachea, lungs |
| lymphoid tissue (CT) | body's foundation for immune defense -lymphocytes: fight pathogens -fibroblasts: secrete protein for wound repair -macrophages: collection of waste/dead tissue -mast cells: inflammatory response -found in lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, adenoids |
| cartilage tissue (3 types) (CT) | strong and elastic, can't be manipulated 1. hyaline 2. fibrocartilage 3. elastic (yellow) cartilage |
| hyaline cartilage | smooth strong cartilage -ribcage, larynx |
| fibrocartilage | contains collagen -good shock absorber -TMJ, discs and cushions |
| elastic (yellow) cartilage | very flexible -external ear, nose, epiglottis |
| blood (CT) | corpuscles in a fluid matrix (plasma) -transport system for gases, nutrients, and wastes |
| corpuscles | red and white blood cells |
| bone (CT) | hard due to inorganic salts -compact: outer layer (strong and dense) -spongy: inner layer, porous |
| ossification | when softer (hyaline) cartilages harden into bone -aging |
| MUSCLE TISSUE (and types) | specialized proteins that slide past one another allowing for MOVEMENT or CONTRACTION subtypes: 1. striated/skeletal 2. smooth 3. cardiac |
| striated definition | long, uniform (repeating) visible stripes of fiber -spindle fibers are opposite |
| striated (skeletal) muscle | VOLUNTARY, conscious -somatic (sensory) -controlled by person -long striated, MULTIPLE cell nuclei per fiber |
| smooth muscle | INVOLUNTARY, unconscious, automatic -internal organ movement -controlled by nervous system -spindle shaped, SINGLE cell nuclei per fiber |
| cardiac muscle | INVOLUNTARY, automatic, unconscious -responsible for heart movement -controlled by nervous system -COMBO of striated and smooth fibers, 1-2 cell nuclei per fiber |
| NERVOUS TISSUE (types) | generate and conduct electrical signals through body 2 types of cells: 1. neurons 2. Glial cells (supporting cells) -communication system |
| nervous tissue communication paths | 1. neuron to neuron 2. sensory structure to neuron 3. neurons to muscles |
Created by:
liz gelles