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US Politics Exam 1
POLS110
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Government | the formal institutions through which a territory and its people are ruled |
| Define Politics | conflicts and struggles over the leadership, structure, and policies of governments |
| Define Political Power | the ability to impact the political process |
| Define Popular Sovereignty | people getting to rule themselves |
| List the 3 types of government (number of leaders) | Autocracy (one leader), Oligarchy (multiple powerful leaders), Democracy (people rule themselves) |
| List the 3 types of government (power leaders have) | Totalitarian (leaders have little to no limits on power), Authoritarian (leaders controlled by institutions), Constitutional Governments (government is limited by a Constitution) |
| What are the 4 emphasized values of the US Constitution? | equality, liberty, democracy, and justice |
| List the 2 types of democracy | Direct Democracy (citizens vote directly on major issues), Representative Democracy (citizens get to elect top officials) |
| What is the importance of minority rights? | Minority rights protect minorities in majority rules societies from having their rights taken away in elections |
| What kind of government do most people in the world live in? | Autocracies |
| How are rules and procedures related to incentives? | establishing different rules and procedures can influence different incentives (fining athletes leads to less flopping in game) |
| Define Settler Colonialism | to ignore land ownership and forcefully take for one's own |
| How did the Radicals and the Colonial Elite feel towards the Crown? | The Radicals did not support the Crown, but the Colonial Elite did |
| What was young America missing that left them vulnerable? | Military |
| What did Shay's Rebellion show? | The US was weak under the Articles of Confederation |
| What building did Daniel Shay and the rest of the rebellions target? | Government buildings, specifically courthouses |
| Describe the New Jersey Plan | Equal representative for every state, unicameral |
| Describe the Virginia Plan | Population based representation, bicameral |
| Describe the Great (Connecticut) Compromise | bicameral, introduced the House of Rep. (population based) and Senate (equal representation for every state) |
| Describe the wants and dislikes of Federalists | Wanted a strong national government, feared “excessive democracy”. Feared the Bill of Rights because Constitution already gives the federal government certain powers |
| Describe the wants and dislikes of Antifederalist | Wanted strong state governments, limited government. Thought the president should be a representation of the people. Feared a strong central government |
| Define the 3/5 Compromise | Deemed that every enslaved man will count as 3/5 of a person when counting state population |
| Define the 1808 Rule | Until the year 1808, no one can bring up banning slavery |
| Define Unitary System | lower/state levels of government have little power compared to federal |
| Define Dual Federalism | States have done most of the fundamental governing |
| What did federalists want to grow to be more like Britain? | A national bank |
| What side won both McCulloch v Maryland and Gibbons v Ogden? | Federalists |
| Although the Antifederalists lost, what did they make a strong point for? | A Bill of Rights |
| Define Fiscal Federalism | Government can take away government funding from states that do not agree with what they want (and give money to those who do) |
| Know the case of McCulloch v Maryland | Court decides that Congress can have a national bank and Maryland does not have the right to tax the bank (win for federalists and McCulloch) |
| Know the case of Gibbons v Ogden | Supreme Court decides the Congress control all major waterways (win for federalists and Gibbons) |
| What case was the first time the Court said Congress overstepped their power? | US v Lopez |
| What is another word for a representative democracy? | Republic |
| Define Pluralism | Competition among groups and organized interests for influence in the government |
| Define Political Efficacy | The belief that ordinary citizens have an effect on the government |
| What was passed after WW1 to lower immigration in the US? | Immigration Act of 1924 |
| What Amendment granted citizenship to everyone born in the US? | The 14th Amendment |
| What passed to recognize Native Americans as US citizens? | Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 |
| What law stated that only free White people could become naturalized US citizens? | Naturalization Act of 1790 |
| What outlawed the entry of Chinese laborers to the US? | Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 |
| What did the Plyer v Doe Supreme Court ruling decide? | Guaranteed access to K-12 education |
| What law outlawed segregation? | Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
| Define Laissez-Faire Capitalism | Production and distribution are privately owned and operate with little to no interference from the government |
| What Amendment gave nonwhite men the right to vote? | The 15th Amendment |
| What Amendment gave women the right to vote? | The 19th Amendment |
| What Amendment gave 18-20 year olds the right to vote? | The 26th Amendment |
| What law prohibited racial discrimination while voting? | Voting Rights Act |
| What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v Ferguson? | Providing separate but equal facilities for Black people and White people was Constitutional |
| What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Obergefell v Hodges? | Not allowing same sex marriage is unjust |
| What is the Elastic Clause? | The Necessary and Proper Clause; Congress can write laws to carry out their expressed rights |
| What is Dual Federalism? | Government at the state and national levels work separately |
| What is Cooperative Federalism? | Government at the state and national levels work together |
| What encouraged the US to switch to Cooperative Federalism? | The Great Depression |
| What is New Federalism? | The state governments take more of a leading role than the national government |
| What's the difference between block grants and categorical grants? | Block grants are just money going to the states and categorical grants are for specific areas |
Created by:
Shea Clark