The main chemical components of living organisms are known as organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules build around the element carbon (C).

Living things are made up of very large molecules. These large molecules are called macromolecules because "macro" means large. They are made by smaller molecules bonding together. The four macromolecules are carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Our body gets these smaller molecules, the "building blocks" or monomers, of organic molecules from the food we eat.

A polymer is a very large molecule that is made of many smaller, repeating structural units called monomers that are linked together in long chains.

Carbs are a class of macromolecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in a 1:2:1 ratio. They serve a primary source of energy for living organisms, particularly in the form of glucose.

The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, such as glucose, and those are known as monosaccharides.

Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, consist of two monosaccharide units joined together.

Lipids are water-insoluble molecules like fats, oils, and waxes, with triglycerides (glycerol and three fatty acid chains) forming the most common dietary type. Lipids are the body's secondary source of energy. Structural component for cell membranes.

One of the most important functions Is the phospholipids that make up the protective outer membrane of all cells. They form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of molecules in and out of cells.

A polymer made up of monomers called amino acids. Composed of 5 elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Performs almost all the vital jobs needed to keep your body structured, functioning, and healthy.

Amino acids are composed of an amine group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain group that varies among different types of amino acids.

These are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by breaking down molecules, and synthesizing new ones.

Biomolecule that is composed of 5 basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Polymer that is composed of monomers called nucleotides. Organisms use 2 types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).

A nucleotide is a three-part unit that consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The names for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are based on the 5-carbon sugars.

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Macromolecules

Unit 1 Topic 3 Vocab - Macromolecules

Term	Definition
Organic Compound	The main chemical components of living organisms are known as organic compounds. Organic compounds are molecules build around the element carbon (C).
Macromolecule	Living things are made up of very large molecules. These large molecules are called macromolecules because "macro" means large. They are made by smaller molecules bonding together. The four macromolecules are carbs, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Monomer	Our body gets these smaller molecules, the "building blocks" or monomers, of organic molecules from the food we eat.
Polymer	A polymer is a very large molecule that is made of many smaller, repeating structural units called monomers that are linked together in long chains.
Carbohydrate	Carbs are a class of macromolecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, in a 1:2:1 ratio. They serve a primary source of energy for living organisms, particularly in the form of glucose.
Monosaccharide	The most basic carbohydrates are simple sugars, such as glucose, and those are known as monosaccharides.
Disaccharide	Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, consist of two monosaccharide units joined together.
Lipid	Lipids are water-insoluble molecules like fats, oils, and waxes, with triglycerides (glycerol and three fatty acid chains) forming the most common dietary type. Lipids are the body's secondary source of energy. Structural component for cell membranes.
Phospholipid	One of the most important functions Is the phospholipids that make up the protective outer membrane of all cells. They form a lipid bilayer that acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of molecules in and out of cells.
Protein	A polymer made up of monomers called amino acids. Composed of 5 elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Performs almost all the vital jobs needed to keep your body structured, functioning, and healthy.
Amino Acid	Amino acids are composed of an amine group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain group that varies among different types of amino acids.
Enzyme	These are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by breaking down molecules, and synthesizing new ones.
Nucleic Acids	Biomolecule that is composed of 5 basic elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Polymer that is composed of monomers called nucleotides. Organisms use 2 types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Nucleotide	A nucleotide is a three-part unit that consists of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The names for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are based on the 5-carbon sugars.

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