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Key Terms
Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Airborne infection isolation precautions | hospital rules used to stop the spread of germs that float in the air and travel long distances. |
| airborne transmission | the spread of an infectious disease when microscopic pathogen-containing particles travel through the air from coughing or sneezing and travel to another person |
| bloodborne pathogens | infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed tissue. |
| chain of infection | the spread of an infection: the reservoir, the mode of transmission, and the susceptible host |
| common vehicle transmission | when an infectious disease spreads to many people through a single contaminated source like water, food, air, or blood |
| contact precautions | infection control steps used in medical settings to stop the spread of germs passed through direct or indirect touch |
| contact transmission | the spread of infectious agents through either direct physical touch or indirect contact with contaminated objects |
| COVID-19 | contagious infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus |
| droplet nuclei | tiny, dried-out residue particles left behind when liquid respiratory droplets evaporate in the air |
| droplet precautions | infection control steps used to prevent the spread of germs that travel short distances through large respiratory droplets |
| droplet transmission | the spread of a contagious disease through heavy respiratory drops |
| exposure control plan | a written document that outlines how an organization protects workers from health hazards |
| health care associated infection | infections contracted by patients during a hospital stay |
| Hepatitis B virus | a bloodborne pathogen, can last in dried blood for at least one week |
| High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) | a type of pleated mechanical air filter that captures airborne particles |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | a bloodborne pathogen that can last in dried blood for up to a week |
| infection | the invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms |
| isolation | being completely separated from other people, places, or things |
| micrometer | a precision tool used to measure small distances, thicknesses, or diameters with accuracy |
| nosocomial infection | an illness acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility while receiving treatment for another condition |
| opportunistic microorganism | under some conditions like a break in the skin, organisms can enter the body and cause an infection |
| pathogen | infectious organisms |
| personal protective equipment | equipment like gloved, mask, or gown to protect people from a disease or infection |
| protective environment | a hospital care area designed to protect immunocompromised patients from airborne dust, fungal spores, and other infectious agents |
| reservoir | the source of the infection |
| resident flora | permanent micro-organisms that live on or inside a specific body site, such as the skin, mouth, or gut, without causing disease under normal conditions |
| respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette | simple infection-control measures used to stop the spread of airborne and droplet respiratory viruses |
| sepsis | a life-threatening medical emergency where the body has an overactive response to an infection, damaging its own tissues and organs |
| standard precautions | basic infection prevention practices used during every patient interaction to stop germs from spreading |
| transmission based precautions | extra infection-control steps alongside basic standard precautions for patients with known or suspected contagious germs |
| vectors | a carrier that transmits a disease-causing pathogen or delivers genetic material into a cell |
Created by:
alyvia.mcginnis