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Ch. 4 Key terms
Phlebotomy Book
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| airborne infection isolation precautions | Used for patients known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei |
| airborne transmission | Involves either airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles that contain the infectious microorganism |
| bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) | infectious agents carried in the blood, certain body fluids, and unfixed tissues |
| chain of infection | Requires a continuous link through the three primary elements: the reservoir, the mode of transmission, and the susceptible host |
| common vehicle transmission | Involves a common source that causes multiple cases of disease |
| contact precautions | Used for patients known to have or suspected of having diseases or conditions transmitted by direct contact or by contact with items in the patient's environment |
| contact transmission | The most frequent and important transmission route for HAIs |
| COVID-19 | A highly contagious respiratory virus |
| droplet nuclei | Contain the infectious microorganism |
| droplet precautions | Used for patients known to have or suspected of having a disease transmitted by large infectious droplets that can be deposited on the mucous membranes of a susceptible host |
| droplet transmission | Likely only for a brief time and within a short distance (3 feet) of the source |
| exposure control plan | Describes all the elements for preventing the spread of infection |
| fomite | A contaminated object |
| healthcare-associated infection | Infections contracted by patients during a hospital stay |
| hepatitis B virus (HBV) | Can survive in dried blood for at least 1 week |
| high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) | Special ventilation and air-handling equipment designed to prevent airborne transmission |
| human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Can survive in dried blood for up to 1 week |
| infection | Invasion and growth of a microorganism in the human body |
| isolation | The separation of an infection source from susceptible hosts |
| micrometer | metrical unit of length |
| nosocomial infection | Infections contracted by patients during a hospital stay |
| opportunistic microorganism | Microorganisms live on/within the body without causing disease but under some conditions, such as a break in the skin, organism enters the body and causes an infection |
| pathogen | Infectious organisms |
| personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Barriers and respirators used alone or in combination to protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing from contact with infectious agents |
| protective environment (PE) | Isolation units for immunocompromised patients |
| reservoir | The source of the infection |
| resident flora | Microorganisms that normally do not cause illnesses |
| respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette | Infection control measures aimed at preventing transmission of respiratory infections |
| sepsis | Organ dysfunction |
| Standard Precautions | Infection control measures that use barrier protection and work practice controls to prevent contact between skin or mucous membranes and blood, other body fluids, and tissues from all people |
| transmission-based precautions | Begin with Standard Precautions and add additional precautions based on the potential means of transmission of the suspected or identified disease or condition |
| vectors | Agents such as arthropods (insects and ticks) that carry infectious agents but are not harmed by their presence |
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