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Key terms chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| airborne infection isolation precautions | precautions that are used with patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by airborne droplet |
| airborne transmission | spread of infection either by droplet nuclei or by dust particles that contain microorganisms |
| Bloodborne pathogen | infectious agent carried in the blood |
| chain of infection | continuous link among the infection source, the means of transmission, and the susceptible host |
| common vehicle transmission | transmission by means of contaminated items such as food, water, medications, devices, and equipment |
| contact precautions | precautions used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses that are easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items in the patients environment |
| contact transmission | transfer of microorganisms from an infected or colonized person to a susceptible host by body surface to body surface contact or through a contaminated object |
| covid-19 | an infectious illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus |
| droplet nuclei | particles smaller than 5 um that remain suspended in the air for long periods |
| droplet precautions | used for patients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets |
| droplet transmission | spread of infection through airborne droplets |
| exposure control plan | comprehensive document outlining all procedures and policies for preventing the spread of infection |
| fomite | contaminated object |
| healthcare-associated infection | infection contracted by a patient during a hospital stay |
| hepatitis B virus | virus that causes the liver diseases hepatitis B; spreads through contact with human blood or body fluids |
| high efficiency particulate air | type of air filter |
| human immunodeficiency virus | causative agent for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| infection | invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes diease |
| isolation | separation of an infection source from susceptible hosts, thereby breaking the chain of infection |
| micrometer | unit of measure equal to the millionth of a meter; a caliper for making precise measurements that has a spindle moved by a finely threaded screw |
| nosocomial infection | infection acquired during hospital stay |
| opportunistic microorganism | a resident floral microorganism that causes infection under certain conditions, such as a break in the skin |
| pathogen | infectious organism |
| personal protective equipment | fluid resident gowns, masks, respirations, face shields, shoe covers, and gloves |
| protective environment | isolation of immunocompromised patients to prevent exposing them to infection |
| reservoir | person carrying an infectious agent without being sick |
| resident flora | microorganisms that exist on or in the body that normally do not cause illness |
| respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette | state required for arterial blood gas collection, in which blood gas concentrations are steady |
| sepsis | bacterial infection |
| standard precautions | infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, other body fluids, and tissues from other people |
| transmission based precautions | extra infection control steps used in healthcare settings alongside standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with highly transmissible pathogens |
| vectors | living organisms, primarily bloodsucking arthropods like mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas, that transmit infectious pathogens between humans or from animals to humans |
Created by:
Mily.Fletcher