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Patho L3

QuestionAnswer
Coordinated response Goals Wall off injured area Prevent injury spread Bring defenses
***Local vs systemic Acute vs chronic
5 Class signs of inflammation Redness- x Swelling: x Heat: x Pain: x Loss of function: x x Redness- rubor Swelling: tumor Heat: calor Pain: dolor Loss of function: Functio Laesa
Acute inflammation: 2 phases Vascular and Cellular phase
Vascular phase Initial vasoconstriction Increased vascular permeability
Cellular phase Signal to attract WBCs WBCs to area of injury
Vascular permeability Histamine and bradykinin Dilate vessels WBCs travel to injury Toxins dilute WBC phagocytosis of debris Fluid extravasation
Purulent exudate pus, proteins, microbes, white-green discharge
Transudate Watery, clear (ex: blister)
Abscess Localized, walled off, purulent exudate
Effusion accumulation of fluid, body cavities (ex: pericardial effusion)
WBC Chemotaxis WBC attracted to signals in area of injury
Leukocytosis Increase in WBC number Leukemoid reaction- extreme increase
Margination WBC link up along endothelium
Neutrophils response Predominate in first 6 to 24 hours
Monocytes response Replace neutrophils 24 to 48 hours change into macrophages
Mediators Tissues, WBC release chemical signals/inflammatory mediators
Promote/inhibit inflammation Signaling proteins that communicate messages between cells, triggering processes and the release of hormones and other substances Many pharmacological agents modify
Acute phase proteins C-Reactive protein (CRP) Fibrinogen- binds to red blood cells, RBCs precipiate Processes called rouleaux and sedimentation Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Active inflammation
Stages of wound healing Inflammation and clot formation Macrophages “clean up” and break down the clot/scab. Fibroblasts move in to create collagen and other fibers Collagen strengthens the area as it heals, and replaces the CT with new
Neutrophils First responders Short lifespan- hours to days Phagocytosis Respiratory burst
Mature neutrophils are called segs
Immature neutrophils are called bands
Shift to the left = more bands (more immature neutrophils) are being produced than segs
Chemical mediators TNF alpha Postaglandins Interleukins
Response to chemical mediators fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, sleepiness, lethargy, anemia, weight loss
WBC and microorganisms release pyrogens
Pyrogens raise temperature
Fever onset: sense of chills is when the body reaches a new temperature set point
Anti-prostaglandins reduce fevers
Lymphadenopathy enlargement of lymph nodes Inflammatory process
Lymphocytes (B and T cells)- mature in lymph nodes
Created by: liladdoyle
 

 



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