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CH5 NERVOUS SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NERVOUS SYSTEM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS | CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
| TWO DIVISIONS OF ACTION | VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY |
| NERVOUS SYSTEM IS INVOLVED IN HOW WE BEHAVE | EMOTIONS OPINIONS BELIEFS |
| CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS COVERED BY PROTECTIVE MEMBRANES CALLED | MENINGES |
| TOUGH OUTER LAYER | DURA |
| THE LARGEST PART OF THE BRAIN IS CALLED | CEREBRUM |
| UNDERNEATH THE CEREBRUM | CEREBELLUM |
| CEREBELLUM CONTROL THINGS LIKE WHAT? | COORDINATION OF MOVEMENTS |
| CEREBR/O, ENCEPHAL/O | BRAIN |
| CEREBROPATHY | DISEASE OF THE CEREBRUM |
| CEREBROSPINAL | PERTAINING TO THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD |
| ENCEPHALITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN |
| Encephalogram | record of the brain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| cerebellar | pertaining to the cerebellum |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| lob/o | lobe |
| lobotomy | incision into the lobe |
| lobectomy | removal of the lobe |
| cephal/o | head |
| microcephaly | abnormally small head |
| macrocephaly | abnormally large head |
| crani/o | skull |
| craniometer | device to measure the skull |
| cranimalacia | softening of the skull |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges, membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningopathy | disease of the meninges |
| dur/o | dura, tough outer membrane |
| epidural | pertaining to above the dura |
| subdural hematoma | collection of the blood in the space below the dura |
| Neur/o | Nerve |
| Neuralgia | nerve pain |
| Neuropathy | nerve disease |
| Gangli/o | nerve bundle |
| Gangliitis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| Myel/on | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| Myelitis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| myelodysplasia | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| Estesi/o | means feeling or sensation |
| Anesthesia | lack of sensation |
| Hyperesthesia | increased sensitivity to stimuli |
| Phaso/o | speech |
| aphasia | lack of speech |
| Phren/o, psych/o | mind |
| phrenetic | pertaining to the mind |
| psychology | study of the mind |
| somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o | sleep |
| somnography | process of recording sleep |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| hyponosis | condition of sleep |
| gnosi/o | knowledge |
| agnosia | lack of knowledge |
| diagnosis | what the health care professional thinks a patient has |
| prognosis | chances of things getting better or worse |
| mania | excessive desire |
| pyromania | desire to set fire |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| phobia | excessive fear or sensitivity |
| photophia | fear of the light; also defined as a hypersensitivity to light |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| paresis | partial paralysis |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis on one side of the body |
| Ton/o | muscle tone, tension, pressure |
| dystonia | abnormal tone |
| tonograph | machine that records muscle tone |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| ataxia | absence of movement |
| hypotaxia | reduced movement |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| Quadriplegia | paralysis in four limbs |
| astenia | weakness |
| myasthenia | weakness of muscle |
| phonasthenia | weakness of the voice |
| dementia | state of confusion |
| delirium | sudden state of confusion, brief loss of mental function |
| Manias | exaggerated obsessions |
| aphasia | inability to speak |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| ataxia | lack of coodination |
| catatonia | reduced muscle tone |
| dystonia | involuntary muscle movements |
| Dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| myoclonus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| Neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| sonambulism | sleepwalking |
| syncope | fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain |
| cephalagia | head pain |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| cephal/o | head |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges; membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| brain | cerebr/o |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| dur/o | tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| encephal/o | brain |
| esthesi/o | feeling, sensation |
| gangli/o | nerve bundle |
| gnosi/o | know |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| lob/o | lobe |
| ton/o | muscle tension, tone |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| somn/o, somn/i | sleep |
| psych/o | mind |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| phren/o | mind |
| -phobia | fear |
| phas/o | speech |
| -paresis | slight or partial paralysis |
| neur/o | nerve |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges; membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| -mania | excessive desire |
| cephalagia | head pain |
| cephalodynia | head pain |
| encephalagia | head pain |
| neuralagia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| partial paralysis on one half of the body | hemiparesis |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis in one limb |
| hemiplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement on one half of the body |
| monoplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement in one limb |
| dysestheisa | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation (tingling) |
| pseuedesthesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | one sensation is experienced as another |
| Causalgia | burning pain |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| photophobia | fear of light (excessive sensitivity to light) |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| pyromania | desire to set fires |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura (outer meningeal covering) |
| hermatoma | blood tumor |
| cranial hemetoma | blood tumor beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | blood tumor on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematomy | blood tumor inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | blood tumor beneath the dura |
| microcephaly | abnormal small skul |
| macrocephaly | abnormal large skull |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| meningocele | herniation of the meninges |
| myelocele | herniation of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | herniation of the spinal cord and meninges |
| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| Polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neuroma | nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| Myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| Agnosia | inability to comprehend (lack of knowledge) |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| apathy | lack emotion |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | low blood sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| afferent nerve | sensory nerve, from periphery to central nervous system |
| efferent nerve | motor nerve, goes from the central nervous system to the periphery |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specialized in anesthesiology (study of blocking the sensation of pain) |
| psychiatrist | medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| neurogenic | originating from/ created by nerves |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to relationship of the body and the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| preictal | time before the seizure |
| interictal | time during the seizure |
| postictal | time after the seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (usually weak) |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twiching |
| Idiopathic | of unknown origin |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | condition due to blood vessel of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function due to loss of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary loss of blood flow to the brain (mini stroke) |
| Cerebral aneurysm | abnormal widening of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain due to fatty plague |
| cerebral embolism | clot in a blood vessel of the brain that originated elsewhere in the body |
| cerebral thrombosis | clot in blood vessel of the brain |
| CRANIOMALACIA | SOFTENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSCLEROSIS | HARDENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSTENOSIS | NARROWING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | PREMATURE FUSION OF THE SKULL BONE |
| ASTROCYTOMA | TUMOR FORM ASTROCYTE GLIAL CELLS |
| HYDROCEPHALY | EXCESS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN THE BRAIN |
| CEREBELLITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE CREBELLUM |
| CEREBROMENINGITIS | |
| cephalagia | head pain |
| cephalodynia | head pain |
| encephalagia | head pain |
| neuralagia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| partial paralysis on one half of the body | hemiparesis |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis in one limb |
| hemiplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement on one half of the body |
| monoplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement in one limb |
| dysestheisa | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation (tingling) |
| pseuedesthesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | one sensation is experienced as another |
| Causalgia | burning pain |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| photophobia | fear of light (excessive sensitivity to light) |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| pyromania | desire to set fires |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura (outer meningeal covering) |
| hermatoma | blood tumor |
| cranial hemetoma | blood tumor beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | blood tumor on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematomy | blood tumor inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | blood tumor beneath the dura |
| microcephaly | abnormal small skul |
| macrocephaly | abnormal large skull |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| meningocele | herniation of the meninges |
| myelocele | herniation of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | herniation of the spinal cord and meninges |
| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| Polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neuroma | nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| Myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| Agnosia | inability to comprehend (lack of knowledge) |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| apathy | lack emotion |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | low blood sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| afferent nerve | sensory nerve, from periphery to central nervous system |
| efferent nerve | motor nerve, goes from the central nervous system to the periphery |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specialized in anesthesiology (study of blocking the sensation of pain) |
| psychiatrist | medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| neurogenic | originating from/ created by nerves |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to relationship of the body and the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| preictal | time before the seizure |
| interictal | time during the seizure |
| postictal | time after the seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (usually weak) |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twiching |
| Idiopathic | of unknown origin |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | condition due to blood vessel of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function due to loss of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary loss of blood flow to the brain (mini stroke) |
| Cerebral aneurysm | abnormal widening of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain due to fatty plague |
| cerebral embolism | clot in a blood vessel of the brain that originated elsewhere in the body |
| cerebral thrombosis | clot in blood vessel of the brain |
| CRANIOMALACIA | SOFTENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSCLEROSIS | HARDENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSTENOSIS | NARROWING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | PREMATURE FUSION OF THE SKULL BONE |
| ASTROCYTOMA | TUMOR FORM ASTROCYTE GLIAL CELLS |
| HYDROCEPHALY | EXCESS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN THE BRAIN |
| CEREBELLITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE CREBELLUM |
| CEREBROMENINGITIS | |
| cephalagia | head pain |
| cephalodynia | head pain |
| encephalagia | head pain |
| neuralagia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| partial paralysis on one half of the body | hemiparesis |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis in one limb |
| hemiplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement on one half of the body |
| monoplegia | complete loss of sensation and movement in one limb |
| dysestheisa | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation (tingling) |
| pseuedesthesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | one sensation is experienced as another |
| Causalgia | burning pain |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| photophobia | fear of light (excessive sensitivity to light) |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| pyromania | desire to set fires |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura (outer meningeal covering) |
| hermatoma | blood tumor |
| cranial hemetoma | blood tumor beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | blood tumor on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematomy | blood tumor inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | blood tumor beneath the dura |
| microcephaly | abnormal small skul |
| macrocephaly | abnormal large skull |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| meningocele | herniation of the meninges |
| myelocele | herniation of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | herniation of the spinal cord and meninges |
| Neuritis | inflammation of a nerve |
| Polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| neuroma | nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| Myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| Agnosia | inability to comprehend (lack of knowledge) |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| apathy | lack emotion |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | low blood sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| afferent nerve | sensory nerve, from periphery to central nervous system |
| efferent nerve | motor nerve, goes from the central nervous system to the periphery |
| anesthesiologist | doctor who specialized in anesthesiology (study of blocking the sensation of pain) |
| psychiatrist | medical doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| neurogenic | originating from/ created by nerves |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to relationship of the body and the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| preictal | time before the seizure |
| interictal | time during the seizure |
| postictal | time after the seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (usually weak) |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twiching |
| Idiopathic | of unknown origin |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | condition due to blood vessel of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function due to loss of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary loss of blood flow to the brain (mini stroke) |
| Cerebral aneurysm | abnormal widening of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | hardening of the arteries of the brain due to fatty plague |
| cerebral embolism | clot in a blood vessel of the brain that originated elsewhere in the body |
| cerebral thrombosis | clot in blood vessel of the brain |
| CRANIOMALACIA | SOFTENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSCLEROSIS | HARDENING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSTENOSIS | NARROWING OF THE SKULL |
| CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS | PREMATURE FUSION OF THE SKULL BONE |
| ASTROCYTOMA | TUMOR FORM ASTROCYTE GLIAL CELLS |
| HYDROCEPHALY | EXCESS CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN THE BRAIN |
| CEREBELLITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE CREBELLUM |
| CEREBROMENINGITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN AND MENINGES |
| ENCEPHALOMYELITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD |
| ENCEPHALOMYELONEUROPATHY | DISEASE OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD AND NERVES |
| ENCEPHALOPATHY | DISEASE OF THE BRAIN |
| ENCEPHALOOPYOSIS | A PUSS FILLED ABSCESS IN THE BRAIN |
| INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE | EXCESSIVE BLEEDING INSIDE THE BRAIN |
| MENINGIOMA | TUMOR OF THE MENINGES |
| MENINGOPATHY | DISEASE OF THE MENINGES |
| MENINGITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES |
| MENINGOENECEPHALITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES AND BRAIN |
| MYELITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINAL CORD |
| MYELODYSPLASIA | DEFECTIVE FORMATION OF THE SPINAL CORD |
| MYELODYSPLASIA | DEFECTIVE FORMATION OF THE SPINAL CORD |
| MYELOPATHY | DISEASE OF THE SPINAL CORD |
| GANGLITIS | INFLAMMATION OF THE GANGLION |
| GANGLIOMA | TUMOR OF THE GANGLION |
| NEURARTHROPATHY | DISEASE OF THE JOINT ASSOCIATED WITH NERVES |
| NEUROENCEPHALOMYELOPATHY | DISEASE OF NERVES, BRAIN, AND SPINAL CORD |
| NEUROPATHY | NERVE DISEASE |
| NEUROSIS | NERVE CONDITION |
| POLYNEUROPATHY | DISESE OF MANY NERVES |
| AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS) | HARDERING OF NERVE CELLS ON THE SIDES OF SPINE |
| POLIOMYLITIS | INFLAMMATION OF GRAY MATTER OF THE SPINAL CORD |
| MYASTEHNIA | MUSCLE WEAKNESS |
| MARCOLEPSY | DISEASE CHARACTERIZED BY SUDDEN, UNCONTROLLED SLEEPINESS |
| CEREBROTOMY | INCISION INTO THE CEREBRUM |
| LOBECTOMY | REMOVAL OF THE LOBE |
| LOBOTOMY | INCISION INTO A LOBE |
| ENDARTERECTOMY | REMOVAL OF THE INSIDE OF AN ARTERY |
| ENDOVASCULAR NEUROSRUGERY | SURGERY ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM PERFORMED BY ENTERING THE BODY THROUGH BLOOD VESSELS |
| CRANIECTOMY | REMOVAL OF A SKULL BONE |
| CRANIOTOMY | INCISION INTO A SKULL BONE |
| NEURECTOMY | REMOVAL OF A NERVE |
| NEURLYSIS | DESTRUCTION OF NERVE TISSUE |
| NEUROPLASTY | SURGICAL REPAIR OF A NERVE |
| NEURRAPHY | SUTURING OF A NERVE |
| NEUROTOMY | INCISION INTO A NERVE |
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