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S&T: Chapter 1

TermDefinition
science A way of learning about the natural world through observations and logical reasoning: leads to a body of knowledge
observing The process of using one or more of your senses to gather information.
quantitative observation an observation that deals with a number or amount.
qualitative observation an observation that deals with characteristics that cannot be expressed in numbers.
inferring the process of making an inference, an interpretation based on observations and prior knowledge
predicting the process of forecasting what will happen in the future based on past experience or evidence
classifying the process of grouping together items that are alike in some way.
evaluating comparing observations and data to reach a conclusion about them
making models the process of creating representations of complex objects or processes.
skepticism an attitude of doubt.
ethics the rules that enable people to know right from wrong
personal bias an outlook influenced by a person's likes and dislikes
cultural bias an outlook influenced by the beliefs, social forms, and traits of a group
experimental bias a mistake in the design of an experiment that makes a particular result more likely
objective describes the act of decision-making or drawing conclusions based on available evidence
subjective describes the influence of personal feelings on a decision or conclusion
deductive reasoning a way to explain things by starting with a general idea and then applying the idea to a specific observation
inductive reasoning using specific observations to make generalizations
scientific inquiry The ongoing process of discovery in science; the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on evidence they gather.
hypothesis a possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question; must be testable.
variable A factor that can change in an experiment.
manipulated variable The one factor that a scientist changes during an experiment; also called independent variable
responding variable The factor that changes as a result of changes to the manipulated, or independent, variable in an experiment; also called a dependent variable.
controlled experiment an experiment in which only one variable ins manipulated at time.
data facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.
scientific theory A well-tested explanation for a wide range of observations or experimental results.
scientific law A statement that describes what scientists expect to happen every time under a particular set of conditions
Created by: user-2056865
 

 



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