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Electron Unit
Chapter 6 + 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the first equation? | c = λv |
| What is the second equation? | E = hv |
| What does "c" stand for? | the speed of light constant (3.00 x 10^8 m/s) |
| What does "λ" stand for? | wavelength |
| For wavelength units, how many meters is a nanometer? | nm = 1 x 10^-9 m |
| What does "v" stand for? | frequency |
| What does "E" stand for? | energy |
| How do you find "ΔE"? | E(final) - E(initial) |
| When is "E" positive? | when gaining e-/jumping levels |
| When is "E" negative? | when losing e-/dropping levels |
| What does "h" stand for? | Planck's constant (given) |
| What are the units for frequency? | must cancel with /s and end unit of Hz |
| How do you find "E"? | given/n^2 |
| What is the relationship between frequency, energy, and wavelength based on the electromagnetic spectrum? | frequency/energy increase, wavelength decrease |
| What movement does microwave radiation do? | rotate |
| What movement does infared radiation do? | vibrate |
| What movement does ultraviolet/visible radiation do? | jump (levels) |
| List the types of radiation from low to high energy: microwave, IF, UV/visible | microwave, infared, ultraviolet/visible |
| What does Coulomb's Law explain? | force of attraction or repulsion is greater if the charge is higher or the particles are physically closer |
| What are the 4 exceptions? | Cr, Au, Ag, Cu |
| Why are they exceptions? | lower energy |
| What does it mean when they're in an "excited state"? | same number of electrons, but one or two is at a higher energy level |
| What shape is the "s" subshell? | sphere |
| What shape is the "p" subshell? | peanut |
| What shape is the "d" subshell? | double peanut |
| What shape is the "f" subshell? | flower |
| What is the first quantum number? | The level of the electron (ex: 2 in the 2s1) |
| What is the second quantum number? | The subshell |
| What are the numbers for each of the subshells? | s = 0, p = 1, d = 2, f = 3 |
| What is the third quantum number? | Orbital (write out orbital and start with "0" in middle) |
| What is the fourth quantum number? | The spin of the electron; +1/2 for up, -1/2 for down |
| What is Hund's rule? | Electrons prefer their own orbital |
| What is Pauli's exclusion principle? | No electron can have the same four quantum numbers |
| What is paramagnetism? | Unpaired electrons |
| What is diamagnetism? | Only paired electrons |
| What is isoelectronic? | same electron configuration |
| How does one calculate the Zeff (Effective Nuclear Charge)? | atomic # - non valence electrons |
| What is the increasing trend of the Atomic Radius? | down and to the left |
| What is the relationship between Zeff and atomic radius? | Zeff increases, atomic radius decreases (indirect) |
| Does an ion with a negative charge have a larger size than an ion with a positive charge? | yes |
| What is ionization energy? | energy needed to remove electrons |
| What is the periodic table trend for ionization energy? | up and right increases |
| What is electronegativity? | the ability to attract electrons |
| What is the periodic table trend for the increase of electronegativity? | up and right excluding noble gases |
| What is the the element that loves electronegativity? | Fluorine (F) |
| What is the key word when describing resonance? | Delocalization |
| What is internuclear distance? | The distance between the nucleus of two atoms |
| If an atom is larger, is the bond longer or shorter? | Longer |
| If an atom has a higher bond order, is the bond longer or shorter? | Shorter |
| If an atom has a higher bond order, is the bond energy higher or lower? | Higher |
| What is hybridization? | the mixing of orbitals |
| Why does hybridization occur? | low energy |
| What must the electrons during hybridization stay in? | the same shell |
| What does VESPR Theory say? | atoms, especially lone pairs, repel other atoms |
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