Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pscyh. Ch.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Literal Definition of Psychology | Derived from Greek roots "psyche" (soul/mind) and "logos" (study of a subject); means "the study of the mind." |
| Empiricism | The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation rather than speculation or common sense. |
| Theoretical Diversity | The idea that no single theory can explain everything about psychology; multiple theories enrich understanding. |
| Sociohistorical Context | Psychology's evolution is influenced by cultural/societal trends, and in turn, psychology impacts society. |
| Multifactorial Causation | Behavior is governed by complex, multiple causes rather than a single simple cause. |
| Subjectivity of Experience | People perceive the world individually through personal filters and biases, shaping their unique realities. |
| WEIRD Populations | Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic samples—historically overstudied and unrepresentative of global populations. |
| Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920) | Founder of psychology; established the first official psychology research lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. |
| Wundt's Definition of Psychology | The scientific study of conscious experience. |
| G. Stanley Hall | Student of Wundt who established the first American psychology lab and became the first President of the APA. |
| Structuralism | Early school of thought aimed at analyzing consciousness into its basic elements using introspection. |
| Introspection | Careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience. |
| Functionalism | Early school of thought focused on investigating the purpose and function of consciousness rather than its structure. |
| William James (1842–1910) | Functionalist who proposed the "stream of consciousness" concept (consciousness as a continuous flow). |
| Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) | Austrian physician who developed psychoanalysis focusing on the unconscious mind. |
| Unconscious Mind | Contains thoughts, memories, and desires below conscious awareness that strongly influence behavior. |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | Explains personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior. |
| Behaviorism | School of psychology founded by John B. Watson stating that psychology should study only observable behaviors. |
| John B. Watson (1878–1958) | Founder of behaviorism who abandoned the study of consciousness to make psychology an objective science. |
| B. F. Skinner | Behaviorist who argued that environmental factors govern behavior; emphasized reinforcement and punishment. |
| Humanism | Theoretical perspective emphasizing human freedom, unique qualities, and potential for personal growth. |
| Cognitive Revolution (1960s) | Shift back to studying mental processes (cognition) like thinking, memory, and problem-solving, influenced by computer models. |
| Evolutionary Psychology | Examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for survival and reproduction over generations. |
| Clinical Psychology | Subfield focused on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. |
| Psychiatry vs. Clinical Psychology | Psychiatrists hold an M.D. and can prescribe medication; Clinical Psychologists hold a Ph.D./Psy.D. and focus on non-medical therapy/testing. |
| Counseling Psychology | Focuses on everyday adjustment issues, family dynamics, and career guidance. |
| Industrial & Organizational (I/O) Psychology | Applies psychological principles to workplace settings, HR practices, and employee productivity. |
| Developmental Psychology | Studies human growth and psychological development across the entire lifespan. |
| Cognitive Psychology | Focuses on higher mental processes like reasoning, memory, decision-making, and problem-solving. |
| Physiological Psychology | Examines the neurobiological, biological, and genetic bases of behavior. |
| Psychometrics | Subfield concerned with the measurement of human behavior, capacities, and psychological testing. |
| Fixed Mindset | Belief that intelligence is static/unchangeable; leads to avoiding challenges and giving up easily. |
| Growth Mindset | Belief that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning; embraces challenges. |
| Critical Thinking | Purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking used to solve problems, evaluate evidence, and make decisions. |
Created by:
Cocoalover