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Period 3. Ch. 5
History Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seven Years War causes | -competition between French & English -Ohio Valley : English wanted to expand west, fertile land, connects to waterways (trade like fur) , French territory would split -native nations formed alliances -began as French & Indian war - |
| Seven Years War events | 1. France builds Forts after realizing English wanted it (Fort Duquesne) 2. Washington 3. Albany Congress 4. Braddock's defeat 5. battle of Quebec (1759) |
| Seven Years War Results | -Treaty of Paris (1763) -British dominance in NA -French lost Canada & last east of Mississippi Rv -left them (especially England) in debt - |
| How did the Seven Years War set the stage for the American Revolution? | -War debt --> decided Colonists should help pay for costs (1760) --> new taxes/regulations (proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, stamp Act, Townshend Acts) --> resentment towards England |
| Effect of Seven Years war on Natives | -no longer a European rivalry to take advantage for each tribe's well-being -France was no longer hindering English expansion -led to Pontiac's rebellion |
| Pontiac's rebellion causes | -British expansion into Great lakes & Ohio Valley after french & Indian war -British took control of French Forts & stationed soldiers throughout region -less willing than French to maintain diplomatic relations |
| Pontiac's rebellion events | -1763-1766 -Pontiac (Ottawa leader) organized resistance -natives from multiple nations captured/forced abandonment of forts & settlements in Great Lakes & Ohio Valley -ended w/ negotiations & treaties (not 1 battle) - Pontiac made peace w/ British |
| Pontiac's rebellion effects | -Proclamation of 1763 |
| Proclamation Line causes | -Pontiac's rebellion made Britain wary of colonial expansion into native territory -reduce conflict w/ natives |
| proclamation line effects | -angered colonists (wanted to settle in western lands) -colonists ignored or resisted (created tension w/ Britain) |
| Proclamation line | -established by kind George to keep colonial settlement east of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Paxton Boys causes | -group of Pennsylvania frontiersmen who attacked Natives during the aftermath of French & Indian war -feared attacks from natives & anger at Pen. gov for not protecting frontier settlers - strong anti-native sentiments |
| Paxton Boys events | -attacked & killed 21 Conestoga (Susquehannock) people -Pen. gov attempted to protect natives but Boys marched towards Philadelphia -Franklin negotiated with them to prevent violence |
| Paxton Boys effects | --racial tensions int eh colonies -shows that colonial gov struggled to control armed settlers -increased tension between frontier settlers & colonial elites (diff. views about Native relations) |
| perspective towards natives in the colonies (1760s) | farmers: hostile & fearful - seen as race that needed to be eliminated, obstacle for westward expansion wealthier colonial elites: mixed merchants/traders: willing to cooperate government officals: wanted peace & control |
| Washington's role in the Seven years war | Virginia sent him to tell the french to leave the valley (Fort Le Boeuf), but the French refused He built Fort Necessity and attacked the French. He was defeated & surrendered. This began the French & Indian war |
| Albany Congress | meeting between colonies to coordinate colonial defense & maintain alliances with the Iroquis Confederacy -Franklin proposed Albany Plan of Union (created unified colonial gov) - |
| Braddock's defeat | Britain sent general Edward Braddock to capture Fort Duquesne -he was attacked by French soldiers & native allies -Washington was there (gained reputation for military leadership) |
| Battle of Quebec | -Britain supplied more $ & troops -British forces defeated French & captured Quebec -turning point in North America |
| John Locke | -Enlightenment thinker -people have natural rights (life, liberty, property) -governments exist because people consent to be governed -if gov. violates rights, people have the right to overthrow it |
| Salutary neglect | -Britain didn't strictly enforce the laws & colonies became accustomed to running themselves -after 1763, Britain began enforcing the laws (French & Indian war debt) --> enforcing existing trade laws & created new taxes |
| patriots | supported resistance and eventual independence -they had different interpretations of the revolution (Each fought their own revolutions, sometimes in alliance & sometimes acting at cross-purposes) |
| Loyalists | -remained loyal to Britain -feared chaos of rebellion |
| Views of the American Revolution in the 1700s: African slaves | revolutionary ideas about liberty led them to interpret the possibility of their own freedom. -However, many slave owners were patriots & slaves believed Britain might free them from their owners -majority of African slaves were Loyalists. |
| View of the American Revolution in the 1700s: Iroquois, Cherokee, and other Indian tribes | -knew white colonists would stream west if freed form British rule -they sided with the British after 1776 |
| View of the American Revolution in the 1700s: Wealthy elites/upper class | -merchants, lawyers, planters, landowners -Patriots -wanted to maintain self-government, limit taxation, preserve the existing social hierarchy & their property f -those whose wealthy depended on British connections were loyalists |
| View of the American Revolution in the 1700s: small farmers/ working-calss colonists | -mixed -Patriots resented British policies & wanted more political influence -some more concerned with abstract political philosophy -became increasingly involved as conflict intensified |
| Which regions and people were first to start supporting a revolution | -Sailors & shop owners in Boston, New York, Philadelphia & backwoods farmers in western Pennsylvania, Virginia, & the Carolinas were more ready for revolution than their leaders |
| American Revolution effects on other nations | -demonstrated that a colony could overthrow a European imperial power & establish an independent republic -spread Enlightenment ideals -French Revolution, Latin American Independence movements |
| Effect of the Great Awakening on Revolutionary perspectives | -emphasized that you didn't need protestant church leaders to experience salvation -personal relationship w/ God -people should question religious authorities -people became comfortable challenging traditional authorities & thinking for themselves |
| Impressment | -British practice of forcing sailors into the Royal Navy -needed sailors during its wars so officers could take sailors they believed were British & force them to serve |
| Impressment effects | colonists saw it as a violation of their liberty & personal rights - |
| eastern seaboard | Atlantic coast where the colonies were concentrated |
| Sugar Act | |
| Sugar Act | |
| Stamp Act | -effected the cost of legal & commercial documents -repealed in 1767 |
| Stamp Act effect | -led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty |
| Revenue Acts | -following the repeal of the Stamp Act -imposed taxes on various items -britain sent troops to enforce the act to cities (New York & Boston) --> led to Boston Massacre |
| Revenue Acts | |
| Tea Acts of 1773 | -sparked the Boston Tea Party |
| Intolerable Acts | |
| republicanism | |
| Impact of the Enlightenment on the American Revolution | French philosophers (Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquie) & ancient Greece/Rome -patriot leaders believed England represented the evils of empire & colonists represent virtues of republicanism |
| Republicanism | -belief that gov should be based on people's participation & consent -no monarchs -leaders are elected by the people to serve the public interest -distribution of power to people |
| Tea Acts of 1773 | |
| Intolerable Acts | |
| order of the acts/laws & rebellions passed by parliament leading up to the American Revolution | |
| Sons of Liberty | led heated protests against colonial officials -protests created a sense of unity among the colonies |
| Boston Massacre | -1770 -colonists throw snowballs at British Redcoats in Boston -five colonists killed -sparked a committee of correspondence to encourage resistance to British rule in other colonies |
| Boston Tea party | -colonial response to the Tea Act -Bostonians disguised as Indians dumped British Tea into the Boston Harbor -British closed the Boston Harbor |
| Daughters of liberty | -spun their own cloth -Boycotted British goods |
| Regulators | farmers in the backcountry of North Carolina -angry about high taxes, corrupt local officials, unequal treatment by wealthy eastern elites -lack of political representation -believed the gov was controlled by wealthy elites |
| Regulator movement | -1760 -protesting local colonial gov who charged high taxes & fees -refused to pay taxes & confronted gov officials -ended when authorities defeated regulators at Battle of Alamance -demonstrates increasing willingness to challenge authority |
| Frontier colonists | opposed British restrictions on westward expansion |
| Battle of Alamance | -ended the Regulator movement -Governor's militia fought the regulators and defeated them |
| Quebec Act | |
| Quartering Act | |
| Quebec Act | |
| Quartering Act |
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