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A & P Cell Study G
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of cells is called ____ | Cytology |
| The basic unit of life is the _____ | Cell |
| Are human cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic | Eukaryotic |
| About how many cells does a human have ? | Trillions |
| Are human cells similar to one another or diverse ? | Diverse |
| What does diverse mean ? | Different |
| What is the name of the boundary that all human cells have to separate the inside from the outside of the cell ? | Plasma Membrane or Cell Membrane |
| What is the collective name for the fluid inside the cell (ICF) | Intracellular fluid |
| Everything inside the cell or plasma membrane (the fluid, organelles, and cytoskeleton) is referred to as the ____ | Cytoplasm |
| The thick fluid inside the cell membrane in which component float are called the ____ | Cytosol |
| The network of rods, tubes, and filaments the provide support and structure to the cell is called the _____ | Cytoskeleton |
| Which organelle is known as the powerhouse and produces energy ? | Mitochondrion |
| Which organelle is the control center to direct cell activities and cell reproduction ? | Nucleus |
| Which organelle contains the genetic material ? | Nucleus |
| What is the name of the area inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes ? | Nucleolus |
| The thread-life genetic DNA is called _____ | Chromatin |
| The small, round protein factories inside the cell are called _____ | Ribosomes |
| The system of interconnected membranous channels inside the cells is called ________ (ER) | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| The flat, stacked sacs of the endoplasmic reticulum are called ___ | Cisternae |
| Name some things the rough ER make : | Phospholipids & Proteins of plasma membrane, and Enzymes |
| What does the smooth ER do ? | Detoxifies alcohol and other drugs |
| In which cells would you find many smooth ER ? | Liver & kidney cells, ovaries & testes, skeletal & cardiac muscle cells |
| What does the smooth ER make in the ovaries and testes ? | Steroid |
| What does the skeletal & cardiac muscle cells store in the smooth ER ? | Calcium |
| Name some things stored in vacuoles and vesicles : | Water, food, wastes, enzymes, etc |
| What is the name of the storage sacs made by the Golgi bodies that store digestive enzymes ? | Lysosomes |
| In the liver, what do lysosomes break down glycogen into ? | Glucose |
| The process of white blood cells engulfing microbes is called ____ | Phagocytosis |
| The recycling of nutrients by breaking down non-vital cells organelles is called ___ | Autophagy |
| The process of cells using lysosomes to break down themselves when their jobs are completed is called ___ | Autolysis |
| What are the ER storage sacs called that contain digestive enzymes that use oxygen to breakdown organic molecules ? | Perxisomes |
| What do the oxidative processes of peroxisomes produce ? | Hydrogen peroxide |
| What is the name of the ER storage sacs that digest proteins that are no longer needed or that are damaged or that are foreign ? | Proteasomes |
| Which cytoskeleton component is the smallest (thin filaments) ? | Microfilaments |
| Which cytoskeleton component forms a fibrous mat on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane to support the phospholipids ? | Microfilaments |
| Which cytoskeleton components are thicker and stiffer than microfilaments but thinner than microtubules ? | Intermediate filaments |
| Which cytoskeleton commponents are hollow tubes ? | Microtubules |
| A pair of centrioles that life perpendicular to one another make up a _____ | Centrosome |
| What is the name of the structure that anchors cilia and flagella to the inside of the cell ? | Basal Bodies |
| What is the name of the hair-life structures on the surface of some cells to move materials ? | Cilia |
| What is the name of the cell membrane model ? | Fluid mosaic |
| Which cell membrane component is a fatty molecule with a head and a tail ? | Phospholipid |
| Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic ? | Head |
| What term means "water-fearing" ? | Hydrophobic |
| The cell membrane is made up of how many layers of phospholipids ? | 2 |
| Which fatty molecules are scattered throughout the lipid bilayer to adjust the fluidity of the membrane by interacting with the phospholipids ? | Cholesterol |
| What is the function of glycolipids and glycoproteins ? | Cell recongnition |
| What is the name of the cell membrane layer containing glycolipids and glycoproteins ? | Glycocalyx |
| What is the name of the large molecules found on and in the lipid bilayer ? | Proteins |
| Which type of proteins are on the internal and external membrane surfaces ? | Peripheral |
| Name six functions of cell membrance proteins : | membrance transport, enzymes, receptors, anchoring, recognition and adhesion |
| Minute, finger-like projections of the cell membrane to increase surface area are called ____ | Microvilli |
| Impermeable areas created between cells to prevent materials from passing between two cells are called ____ | Tight Junctions |
| Anchoring areas between cells are called ____ | Desmosomes |
| Communicating area that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell directly are called | Gap Junctions |
| Cytoplasmic extensions that change continuously for movement, phagocytosis, and capturing materials are | Pseudopodia |
| Cell membrane processes that do not require energy are called ______ processes | passive |
| Moving materials from a high pressure regions to a low pressure regions through a selectively permeable membrane is called | Filtration |
| The net movement of materials from a regions of high concentration region to a low concentration region down a concentration gradient until evenly distributed is called | Simple Diffusion |
| Even though water and electrolytes can diffuse across the bilayer slowly, how do they mainly cross the bilayer? | Channel proteins |
| The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called ____ | Osmosis |
| The dissolved particles in a solution are called ____ | Solutes |
| Which type of solution has MORE solute than the cell ? | Hypertonic |
| Which type of solution has LESS solute than the cell ? | Hypotonic |
| The bursting of a cell due to gaining too much water is called ___ | Lysis |
| Which type of transport involves membrane proteins move materials that cannot cross through the lipid bilayer down a concentration gradient and across the membrane ? | faciliated diffusion |
| Pumps that carry materials against the concentration gradient are examples of which type of transport ? | Active transport |
| The engulfing of liquid particles (water – cell drinking) is called ____ | Pinocytosis |
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