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Chapter 2
Colonial SC
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Surviving Jamestown | FIRST PERMANENT ENGLISH COLONY!!! 1607- settlers landed on peninsula that was swampy Main goal: make a PROFIT, mostly by trying to find gold |
| House of Burgesses | First elected group of lawmakers in British North America Was an important step towards representative-government in the colonies Not completely representative b/c only free adult men could vote. Women and enslaved people could not vote |
| Maryland | Founded by The Calverts; A refuge for Catholics Planted cash crops→ tobacco; switched from indentured servants to enslaved Africans Original plan: offer land grants (free land) and religious freedom- UNSUCCESSFUL |
| South Carolina | 8 noblemen (Proprietors) by Charles II Most settlers came from Barbados and were wealthy sugar planters Created a plantation economy based on enslaved labor; offered religious freedom Major city: Charles Town located on Ashley and Cooper river |
| Georgia | Founded by James Oglethorpe to help those imprisoned for debt in England have a new life as a small farmer Used as BUFFER colony from France and Spain SlaveryNOT allowed in GA→ once economy took off slavery was allowed Grew tobacco, rice and indigo |
| Lords Proprietors | Proprietor: owner of property or business Charles II granted charter of SC to his loyal supporters Had full power to rule the colony→ declare war, make peace, raise an army, collect taxes, etc. 8 SC Proprietors never came to SC |
| Navigation Acts | England restricted who colonists could trade with Series of laws restricting trade→ only English ships could carry goods to colonies Purpose: prevent the Dutch, French, and Spanish from competing Colonists HATED |
| Attracting Settlers | Lord Ashley (AAC) wanted a permanent settlement Financed voyage of 100 men and women Promised land, religious freedom, and a voice Many people bailed on the first stop, one ship sank, one ended up in VA Only ship to land was Carolina |
| Lord Athony Ashley Cooper | Born wealthy and royal to the Crown Worked with John Locke to write a government plan for SC called the Fundamental Constitution of Carolina (FCC) Imprisoned twice for bringing over French and Scottish settlers- died in Amsterdam in exile |
| Moving Charles Town | Original city lacked organization b/c main focus had been protection Proprietors ordered the town moved and reorganized- created grid system Placed on Oyster Point between the Ashley and Cooper River Became capital of SC Biggest port city in the South |
| A Diverse Colony | Diverse: shows variety 2 largest groups in SC: Barbadians and enslaved Africans Many religions were represented- a lot of Jews Immigrants came from: Germany, Wales, France, Scotland, Ireland, Netherlands, and Sweden Small population of NAs |
| Barbados Connection | one of England’s most successful colonies large influence on Carolina’s economic (plantocracy), political (slave laws) and social structure SC is “a colony of a colony" because of Barbados Grew sugar for $$$- started to rely on enslaved Africans |
| Migration to Carolina | SC had the same diseases as Barbados→ colonists were used to it Brought over the plantation system, plantocracy Kept trade with Barbados: sent deerskins, fur, timber, enslaved NAs for sugar, rice, rum and guns |
| Trade w/Native Americans | Key to SC survival as a colony To NA: cloth, guns, paint, hatchets, knives, rum From NA: furs and skins Created bad relations b/c of abuse in quality and prices Ruined deer population and NA homes |
| Native American Enslavement | Proprietors banned enslaving and trading NAs→ colonists didn’t listen Colonists sent NA slaves to the West Indies Colonists encouraged NAs to fight one another to gain slaves- paid a LOT of money |
| Naval Stores | resources from Carolina to fix boats/for the Navy Needed: tar, rosin, pitch, turpentine England offered a bounty (amount of $$ to encourage trade) to have colonists build Naval Stores Within 6 years, SC increased their Naval Stores by 800% |
| Carolina Gold | Nickname for rice Made planters $$$$$$$$--> made Charles Town the richest colony Perfect swampy and wet environment in SC Encouraged the use of enslaved Africans Eventually was overproduced (made more than wanted) |
| Indigo & Eliza Lucas Pinckney | Plant from India to make blue-ish purple dye SC failed to grow Indigo early Eliza Lucas Pinckney (16) created the perfect strand B/c of this it became a cash crop and the second greatest export |
| Sullivan’s Island | Where enslaved Africans were unloaded Held here for quarantine until auction Common diseases to quarantine from where: smallpox, cholera, and measles |
| Plantation Systems v. Charleston Slaves | Coastal area = Task system: given a certain job, when completed you could do other work plantations = Gang system: worked in groups from dawn to dusk, In cities enslaved Africans were ironworkers, bricklayers, tailors, coopers, and house servants |
| Free black people | About 2% of Africans and African Americans were free- women freed more than men 3 ways to be free: slaveholder set you free, bought your freedom, did something noteworthy Sampson: freedman who discovered cure for rattlesnake bites |
| Slave code of 1740 | Direct result of Stono Rebellion Enslaved people can no longer: Leave w/o permission Gather w/o white supervision Testify in court Can be arrested/punished by ANY white person No self-defense allowed No learning to read, write, or drum |
| Religious Freedom | With FCC, colonists had to believe in God Main church was Anglican, but anyone was welcome Other groups: Quaker, Huguenots, Jews Catholics were NOT welcome |
| Headright System | White man received between 50 - 150 acres for himself and EVERY family member, indentured servant, and enslaved person land owning =VOTE Freeman that owned 50 acres of land could vote; Freemen who owned 500 acres could run for seat in government |
| Two Factions | Faction: group with different ideas Goose Creek Men: Barbados, Anglicans, Wealthy and greedy, Opposed the Proprietors European colonists Dissenters, Supported Proprietors; BUT the two worked together when being attacked |
| Carolina divides | Divided in 1712 and gave each colony a governor and representative assembly NC was more settlers from VA that grew small scale farms- big city is Albemarle Sound SC had wealthy rice planters- big city is Charles Town |
| The Yamasee War | Yamassee were being treated unfairly In 1775, Yamassee attacked plantations near Port Royal Other tribes joined the conflict but the Cherokee joined colonists and helped win the war Eventually led to SC becoming a royal colony b/c LPs DID NOT HELP |
| The Cherokee War | Cherokee suffered abuses from colonists→ tired of it Governor Lyttleton gave Cherokee gifts, but then places official ban on trade Cherokee tried to negotiate- Governor sent in militia= war British came to help- Cherokee lose and have lots of anger |
| Regulators and Moderators | Regulators= vigilantes ( citizens that take the law into their own hands) want peace in backcountry of SC Wanted official help- SC govt deputized them = enforced laws they want to Moderators- brought in to stop them More violence= eventual peace talks |
| Circuit Court Act of 1769 | Result of Regulator movement Provided sheriffs, judges, jails, and courthouses Brought law and order Did not give fair representation to the people |
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