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A&P Unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | study of the structure of an organism |
| Physiology | study of how the organisms body functions |
| Cells tissues organs organ systems | organization levels in the body |
| Skeletal | system that provides support and protection, gives the body shape |
| Nervous | system that detects impulses from senses, control system |
| Circulatory | system that transports nutrients and gasses around the body |
| Respiratory | system that exchanges gases (oxygen and co2) |
| Digestive | system that breaks down and absorbs food |
| Muscular | system that provides movement for all parts of the body |
| Integumentary | system that protects the body, regulates temp, prevents water loss |
| Lymphatic | system that fights infection and provides fluid for cells |
| Excretory | system that removes waste from the blood |
| Endocrine | system that secretes hormones |
| Reproductive | system that produces cells used in sexual reproduction |
| Maintaining boundaries | lets some substances in and keeps others out, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Movement | internal movement, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Responsiveness | sensing and reacting to changes in the environment, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Digestion | breaks down and absorbs nutrients, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Reproduction | production of offspring, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Excretion | removal of wastes, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Growth | increase in cell or body size, part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Metabolism | building larger molecules from smaller ones (anabolism) and breaking down larger ones (catabolism), part of the 8 necessary functions for life |
| Ventral cavity | contains the thoracic and ambiopelvic cavities, protects visceral organs like chest and abdomen, located anterior of the body |
| Thoracic cavity | contains the superior mediastinum, pleural cavity, pericardial with the mediastinum, located in the upper chest |
| Pelvic cavity | holds urinary, digestive, and reproductive organs, located inferior to the thoracic cavity |
| Serosa | double layered membrane lining the ventral cavities |
| Visceral serosa | inner layer of serosa |
| Parietal serosa | outer layer of serosa |
| Serous fluid | between the serosa |
| Stimulus | changes in an environment |
| Effector | provides means for the control centers response (output) to stimuli |
| Control center | receives input and determines appropriate responses or course of action |
| Receptor | type of sensory that monitors and responds to changes (stimuli) in the environment |
| Response | reduces effect of stimulus and retunes variable to homeostasis levels |
| Negative feedback loop | response to the stimulus is to either shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, ex. Body temp regulation |
| Positive feedback loop | increase the original stimulus and to push the variable farther from its original value, ex. Childbirth |
| Muscular tissue | tissue that controls the movement of skeleton, beating of heart, movement of food through the digestive system |
| Connective tissue | tissue that makes up bone, cartilage and blood, connects organs together |
| Nervous tissue | tissue that conducts electrical impulses through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| Epithelial tissue | tissue that makes up skin, lining of internal pathways, and glands |
| A~>U, T~>A, G~>C, C~>G | base pairing rules |
| Transcription | DNA transcribed into mRNA in the nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA translated into amino acids in the ribosomes |
| Creates proteins | what do both transcription and translation do |
| Mitosis | the period of division in somatic (body) cells, division of chromosomes in the cytoplasm, 1 parent cell makes 2 identical daughter cells |
| Meiosis | the period of division in sex cells (gametes), 1 parent cell makes 4 different cells |
| Mitosis has 1 parent cell that makes 2 identical daughter cells, meiosis has 1 parent cell make 4 different cells | differences between mitosis and meiosis |
| Semi permeable | only some substances can pass through |
| Passive transport | when molecules move naturally from high concentration to low concentration (doesn't require energy) |
| Facilitated transport | when larger molecules need help across the membrane by channels made of protein |
| Active transport | when molecules move from areas of low concentration to high concentration (requires energy) |
Created by:
katiekat1334