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Chemistry Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Pure Substance | Matter that has uniform and definite composition |
| Element | Simplest form of matter that has a unique step of properties |
| Compound | A substance with two or more elements chemically combined |
| Mixture | Physical blend of two or more components, either heterogeneous or homogeneous |
| Homogeneous Mixture | Mixture is uniform throughout |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | Mixture is not uniform throughout |
| Filtration | Separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture |
| Distilation | Separating homogeneous Mixture using the substances' differences in boiling points |
| Crystalization | Remove pure solid particles from a solution |
| Chromatography | Separation is based on each substance's tendency to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material |
| Physical Property | Things we observe without changing the composition |
| Chemical Property | Material's properties that become evident during, or after, a chemical reaction |
| Physical Change | Some properties of a material change, but not the composition - reversible |
| Chemical Change | Produces with a different composition - irreversible |
| Intensive Property | Does not depend on the amount of matter just the identity/type of matter |
| Extensive Property | Depends on the amount of matter in a sample |
| Solid | Definite shape and volume |
| Liquid | Indefinite shape and fixed volume |
| Gas | Indefinite shape and indefinite volume |
| Group | A vertical column of elements in the periodic table that share similar chemical and physical properties |
| Period | A horizontal row of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements |
| Metal | A substance that conducts heat and electricity well, has a shiny luster, and easily loses electrons to form positive ions |
| Nonmetal | A chemical element that mostly lacks the distinctive physical and chemical properties of metals |
| Metalloid | A chemical element with physical and chemical properties that are intermediate between those of typical metals and typical nonmetals |
| Noble Gases | A group of chemical elements in Group 18 of the periodic table that have very low chemical reactivity |
| Alkali Metals | The six chemical elements in Group 1 of the periodic table—lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | The six chemical elements in Group 2 of the periodic table, the Elements: Beryllium (Be) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Strontium (Sr) Barium (Ba) Radium (Ra) |
| Halogens | A group of six non-metallic elements found in Group 17 of the periodic table that produce salts when they react with metals. Fluorine (F) Chlorine (Cl) Bromine (Br) Iodine (I) Astatine (At) Tennessine (Ts) |
| Transition Metals | A chemical element in the d-block of the periodic table that has a partially filled d-orbital or can form stable ions with an incomplete d-subshell |
| Inner Transition Metals | Chemical elements in the f-block of the periodic table, characterized by the filling of inner 4f and 5f electron orbitals |
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