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Unit 2 Vocab: Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and various elementary forms of matter. |
| Matter | Anything with mass that takes up space |
| Pure Substance | A form of matter having a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties, consisting of only one type of element or one type of compound. |
| Element | The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties |
| Compound | Substance containing two or more chemically combined elements in fixed proportion |
| Mixture | Physical blend of two or more components classified either homogeneous or heterogeneous |
| Homogeneous Mixture | Mixture that is uniform throughout (Ex. pure air, sugar + water, soluble materials) |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | Mixture that is not uniform throughout (Ex. Fruit Salad, blood, air) |
| Filtration | Separate solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture |
| Distilation | Separating homogeneous mixtures in substances from different boiling points |
| Crystallization | Remove pure solid particles from a solution |
| Chromatography | Separation based on each substances tendency to be drawn across a surface of another substance |
| Physical Property | Things we observe without changing composition |
| Chemical Property | Things we observe after a chemical reaction |
| Physical Changes | Composition does not change but some properties do (Ex. melting, dissolving, boiling) |
| Chemical Changes | Irreversible, composition is changed to different matter (Ex. combustion, photosynthesis, fireworks, digestion) |
| Intensive Property | Doesn't depend on amount, just identity and type (density, boiling point) |
| Extensive Property | Depends on the amount of matter in a sample (mass and volume) |
| Solid | Molecules held tightly together that lightly vibrate in a limited area |
| Liquid | Molecules flow around easier and assume the shape of their containers |
| Gas | Molecules that are so free and far from each other with no determined shape |
| Group | combinations of atoms that form parts of chemical molecules |
| Period | The columns of the periodic table, which contain elements that show a family resemblance, are called groups |
| Metal | any of a class of substances characterized by high electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, and ductility |
| Nonmetal | diverse group of elements characterized by their lack of metallic properties. typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, and have high electronegativity |
| Metalloid | a chemical element that forms a simple substance having properties intermediate between those of a typical metal and a typical nonmetal |
| Noble Gases | colorless, odorless, tasteless, nonflammable gases. |
| Alkali Metals | called because reaction with water forms alkalies (bases capable of neutralizing acids) |
| Alkaline Earth Metals | substances that were nonmetallic, insoluble in water, and unchanged by fire |
| Halogens | they all produce sodium salts of similar properties |
| Transition Metals | any of various chemical elements that have valence electrons—electrons that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds |
| Inner Transition Metals | lanthanides and the actinides, possess complex electron configurations and exhibit magnetism, luminescence, variable oxidation states, and radioactivity |
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