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History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Humanism | People who admired and tried to learn from the Greeks and Romans |
| Patron | Financial supporter of the arts |
| Florence | Italian city that resembles the renaissance |
| Perspective | 3D art that makes distant objects appear smaller |
| Leonardo | Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper |
| Michelangelo | Made the statue of David and painted the Sistine Chapel. |
| Raphael | Painted the School of Athens |
| Baldassare Castiglione | made the Book of the Courtier |
| Machiavelli | Wrote the prince, founder of modern political science |
| Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? | There was lots of money in Italy |
| What was the Renaissance a rebirth of? | The Renaissance was the rebirth of art and learning |
| How did humanist scholars differ from medieval thinkers? | They focused on people and the now, this life, but medieval thinkers were focused on what happened after death. |
| According to Castiglione, what describes the ideal woman? | Outer beauty because it is the sign of inner beauty |
| What did Machiavelli argue in the Prince? | He argued that it is better to be feared then loved and that the ends justify the means |
| Vernacular | Everyday common language |
| Utopian | Perfect, ideal society |
| Johann Gutenberg | Invented the printed press, printed the bible |
| Thomas More | Wrote the Utopian, was canonized, was executed |
| Shakespeare | Famous poem/play writer |
| What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed | The bible |
| What type of society did More depict in his book Utopia? | Perfect and ideal |
| Indulgences | Pardons for sins |
| Diet | Assembly or legislature |
| Predestination | Idea that salvation is predetermined, that God has already chosen who will find salvation |
| Genever | Swiss city where Calvin established a theocracy |
| Theocracy | Government run by religious leaders |
| 95 Theses | Luther's arguments about salvation coming from faith and faith alone |
| Martin Luther | German Munk that wrote the 95 Theses against the catholic church |
| Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor, devout Catholic |
| John Calvin | reformer, preached predestination, founded calvinism |
| Who wrote the 95 Theses? | Martin Luther |
| What was Luthers main objection to the church? | The selling of indulgences |
| Why are followers of Luther referred to as "Protestant"? | They protested against the Pope and papal authority |
| What were Luther's main beliefs? | You were saved by faith and faith alone. |
| Who preached predestination? What city asked him to start a theocracy? | John Calvin preached predestination and was asked by Geneva to start a theocracy. |
| What was the Peace of Augsburg? What did it achieve? | Stopped fighting between religions, allowed princes to choose the religion |
| How did Martin Luther react to the Peasant Rebellion? | He denounced the violence and told the protesters to respect authority |
| Sect | Smaller branch of a major religion |
| Canonize | To become a saint |
| Compromise | Finding a middle ground |
| Henry VIII | had 6 wives, was the king of England, made the church of England |
| Mary Tudor | Bloody Mary, killed over 300 protestants |
| Elizabeth | Queen of compromise, defeated Spanish Armada |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Founder of Jesuits, Spanish knight |
| Teresa of Avila | Nun, says that convent wasn't strict enough, reformed Spanish convents |
| What was agreed upon at the Council of Trent? What was its purpose? | Directed the reformation of the Catholic church, banned the selling of indulgences |
| Who were Anabaptists? | Sect of Christianity similar to Catholicism in all ways except for the fact that they denounce infant baptism. |
| Why did Henry VIII want an annulment from Catherine of Aragon? | She was past childbearing and hadn't given him a son and he fell in love with Anne Boleyn |
| Why did the Pope not grant Henry an annulment? | The Pope was being held by Charles V as a political prisoner and Charles V was Catherine of Aragon's nephew, he didn't want to offend Charles V |
| Why does Henry believe his marriage to Catherine in "cursed"? | Catherine was his brothers widow, and their marriage went against the book of Leviticus in the Bible, and they were struggling to have kids, just like Leviticus said they would. |
| What did Elizabeth accomplish? | She made compromises with the Catholic and Protestant church, defeated the Spanish Armada |
| What led to the formation of the Church of England? | King Henry wanted an annulment, so he made his own church so he could grant himself an annulment. |
| Who were the Jesuits? What was their main goal? | Society of Jesus, protected and defended the Catholic Faith |
| What changes did the Catholic Church make during the Catholic Reformation? | Stopped selling indulgences, church decision is still final, started enforcing stiff punishments. |
| Heliocentric | Theory that the sun is the center of the universe |
| Galileo Galilee | Astronomer that supported the heliocentric theory, he was attacked by the church and forced to say that the earth is the center of the universe |
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