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HTN COMBO HY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lotrel (HTN combo) | amlodipine + benazepril — CCB + ACE inhibitor |
| Tarka (HTN combo) | verapamil + trandolapril — CCB + ACE inhibitor |
| Prestalia (HTN combo) | amlodipine + perindopril — CCB + ACE inhibitor |
| Exforge (HTN combo) | amlodipine + valsartan — CCB + ARB |
| Twynsta (HTN combo) | amlodipine + telmisartan — CCB + ARB |
| Azor (HTN combo) | amlodipine + olmesartan — CCB + ARB |
| Tribenzor (HTN combo) | amlodipine + olmesartan + HCTZ — CCB + ARB + thiazide |
| Caduet (HTN combo) | amlodipine + atorvastatin — CCB + statin |
| Consensi (HTN combo) | amlodipine + celecoxib — CCB + NSAID |
| Lotensin HCT (ACEI + HCTZ) | benazepril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Capozide (ACEI + HCTZ) | captopril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Vaseretic (ACEI + HCTZ) | enalapril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Prinzide / Zestoretic (ACEI + HCTZ) | lisinopril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Uniretic (ACEI + HCTZ) | moexipril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Accuretic (ACEI + HCTZ) | quinapril + HCTZ — ACE inhibitor + thiazide |
| Avalide (ARB + HCTZ) | irbesartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Hyzaar (ARB + HCTZ) | losartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Atacand HCT (ARB + HCTZ) | candesartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Teveten HCT (ARB + HCTZ) | eprosartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Benicar HCT (ARB + HCTZ) | olmesartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Micardis HCT (ARB + HCTZ) | telmisartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Diovan HCT (ARB + HCTZ) | valsartan + HCTZ — ARB + thiazide |
| Edarbyclor (High-yield HTN combo) | azilsartan + chlorthalidone — ARB + thiazide-like diuretic |
| Tenoretic (High-yield HTN combo) | atenolol + chlorthalidone — beta-blocker + thiazide-like diuretic |
| Ziac (High-yield HTN combo) | bisoprolol + HCTZ — beta-blocker + thiazide |
| Corzide (High-yield HTN combo) | nadolol + bendroflumethiazide — beta-blocker + thiazide |
| Inderide (High-yield HTN combo) | propranolol + HCTZ — beta-blocker + thiazide |
| Lopressor HCT (High-yield HTN combo) | metoprolol tartrate + HCTZ — beta-blocker + thiazide |
| Aldactazide (High-yield HTN combo) | spironolactone + HCTZ — K⁺-sparing diuretic + thiazide |
| Dyazide / Maxzide (High-yield HTN combo) | triamterene + HCTZ — K⁺-sparing diuretic + thiazide |
| HTN threshold / first-line drugs | ≥130/80 → lifestyle → T-A-A-C: Thiazide, ACEI, ARB, CCB |
| Thiazide → volume effect? | ↓ volume |
| ACEI → Ang II, bradykinin, major SE | ↓ Ang II + ↑ bradykinin → cough, angioedema, ↑K |
| ARB → AT₁ + bradykinin | Blocks AT₁; no bradykinin → no cough |
| CCB: DHP vs non-DHP | DHP → vessels; non-DHP → heart |
| Black patient → preferred initial HTN drugs | Thiazide / CCB |
| CKD + albuminuria → preferred HTN drugs | ACEI / ARB |
| CAD / post-MI → preferred HTN drugs | β-blocker + ACEI/ARB |
| HFrEF → evidence-based β-blockers | Carvedilol / Metoprolol succinate / Bisoprolol + RAAS therapy |
| Pregnancy → preferred HTN drugs | Labetalol / Nifedipine ER |
| Thiazide → Ca²⁺ | ↑ Ca²⁺ |
| Loop diuretic → Ca²⁺ | ↓ Ca²⁺ |
| K⁺-sparing diuretic → K⁺ | ↑ K⁺ |
| β₁-selective β-blockers mnemonic | AMEBBBA = Atenolol, Metoprolol, Esmolol, Betaxolol, Bisoprolol, Bevantolol, Acebutolol |
| 3 β-blockers proven in HFrEF | Carvedilol + Metoprolol succinate + Bisoprolol |
| “-dipine” CCBs → where do they work? | Vessels (DHP CCBs) |
| Verapamil / Diltiazem → main effect | Heart → ↓ HR → risk AV block |
| HTN urgency | >180/120 + NO acute target-organ damage → PO therapy, gradual reduction |
| HTN emergency | Severe HTN + acute target-organ damage → IV therapy → lower BP carefully (~15–25% initially) |
| Aortic dissection HTN emergency → drug | Esmolol |
| MI HTN emergency → drug | Nitroglycerin |
| Pregnancy HTN emergency → drugs | Hydralazine / Labetalol |
| Catecholamine excess HTN emergency → drug | Phentolamine |
| Renal HTN emergency → drug | Fenoldopam |
| Nitroprusside → administration + major toxicity | D5W + protect from light + cyanide toxicity |
Created by:
Hoacucvang