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Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| rigid living organ made up of all 4 types of tissue. connective, nervous, epithelial, and muscle | bone |
| the majority is bone tissue, but cartilage and sense connective tissue cover the bone's external surface | connective tissue |
| in its nerves | nervous tissue |
| in its blood vessels, which provide nourishment | epithelial tissue |
| skeletal muscle tissue | muscle tissue |
| framework holding up the entire body | Support |
| Guards the body's most vital organs, like the skull protecting the brain and the ribcage protecting the heart | Protection |
| Skeletal muscles are connected to bones via tendons and use bones as levers at joints to produce movements | Movement |
| stores minerals like calcium and phosphate, which can be released into the blood when needed and stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow | storage |
| hematopoiesis and in red bone marrow of certain bones | Blood cell formation |
| critical for helping to maintain homeostasis. ex. produces osteocalcin which regulates insulin secretion, glucose regulation, an energy usage, and helps to regulate blood calcium levels | Hormone Production |
| bones are classified by their _____________ (in the axial vs. appendicular skeleton) and ___________. A bone's shape dictates its function | location; shape |
| longer than they are wide; tend to have a long shaft with either end being a bit wider; mostly located in the limbs; act as levers to aid in movement; ex. arm, hand, leg, and foot bones | long bones |
| more cube shaped; tend to be as wide as they are long; provide support and stability with little movement; ex. wrist and ankles | short bones |
| special type of short bone; means to be shaped like a sesame seed; are embedded within tendons; ex. kneecap (patella) | sesamoid bones |
| thin and flat bones; often have a bit of a curve; have a large surface area for attaching to muscles; ex. breastbone, shoulder blades, ribs, most cranial bones in the skull | flat bones |
| everything else; have highly specialized shape and structure; ex. hip bones and vertebrae | irregular bones |
| made up of osteons, lamella, and haversian canal | structure of compact bone |
| basic structural unit; long cylinders that act as tiny weight-bearing pillars in the bone; mad up of lamella | osteons |
| group of hollow tubes and filled with tiny salts and collagen fibers that allow the bone to resist torsion stress; and haversian canal | lamella |
| runs through the middle of each osteon and contains small blood vessels for nourishment and nerve fibers for signaling | haversian canal or central canal |
| less organized than compact bone, no osteons, do have trabeculae | structure of spongy bone |
| dense and smooth layer of compact bone tissue on the outside surrounding the more porous spongy bone tissue on the inside | internal structure of all bones |
| tiny bone struts that are key for helping bone to resist stress; also, where bone marrow is | trabeculae |
| external surface of a bone is rarely smooth, and distinct markings that correspond to how the bone and its attached muscles and ligaments work together; projections, surfaces, and depressions and openings | bone markings |
| where muscle and ligaments attach | projection markings |
| that form joints | surface markings |
| for blood vessels and nerves to run through | depressions and openings |
| maintain healthy bone structure and housed in the lacunae | osteocytes |
| gaps between the lamellae | lacunae |
| build and construct bones by calcifying bone as it forms | osteoblasts |
| critical in the regeneration of bone through bone remodeling by absorbing bone tissue wherever it is not needed or is degenerating | osteoclasts |
| process of bone tissue formation; key for forming your skeleton as an embryo; essential for bone growth from childhood up until early adulthood; later in life is used for bone remodeling and repair | ossification (osteogenesis) |
| bone develops from a fibrous membrane -> membranous bone. ex. clavicle and skull bones | intramembranous ossification |
| bone develops by replacing cartilage -> endochondral bone. ex. all other bones | endochondral ossification |
| Where are the two places that cartilage remains? | the articular cartilage on the ends of bones and the epiphyseal plates which is where bine growth comes from as bones elongate |
| osteocytes release signals to tell osteoclasts go to damage; osteoclasts release enzymes there allow them to digest the calcium phosphate & putting back into blood; macrophages promote remodeling; osteoblasts enter to build before they undergo apoptosis | process of bone remodeling |
| osteoclasts release enzymes there that allow them to digest the calcium phosphate, putting the calcium and phosphate back into the blood | resorption |
| promote bone tissue remodeling | macrophages |
| programmed cell death | apoptosis |
| break | fracture |
| What is the treatment for a fracture? | reduction and immobilization |
| realignment of the broken bone ends | reduction |
| keeping bone stable so it has time to heal itself | immobilization |
| hematoma forms due to hemorrhaged blood clots (from where blood vessels in the bone were torn during the break) | repair |
| scientific name for bruise | hematoma |
| forms that span the break and connects the broken ends | fibrocartilaginous callus |
| begin forming spongy bone and replacing the cartilaginous callous | osteoblasts |
Created by:
AudreyO