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Social Studies

2nd Industrial Revolution

QuestionAnswer
What is industrialization? The growth of manufacturing and cities.
What is urbanization? The movement of people from rural areas to towns and cities.
Why did many people move to cities during industrialization? They moved to cities to find jobs, especially as manufacturing and factories grew.
How did South Carolina contribute to industrial growth? South Carolina supplied raw materials, especially cotton and lumber.
How did railroads help industrialization? Railroads transported goods to ports, where they could be shipped around the world.
What was a major focus of the First Industrial Revolution? Manufacturing and steam power.
When did the Second Industrial Revolution occur? Approximately the 1850s–1917.
Why was steel important during the Second Industrial Revolution? Steel made it easier to construct buildings, bridges, railroad tracks, and cars
Who invented the light bulb according to our resources? Thomas Edison and his team of inventors developed a practical electric light bulb
Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham Bell.
What did Henry Ford use to make cars more affordable? The assembly line.
What is mass production? Producing large amounts of goods. It gave people greater access to clothing and supplies that previously had to be made by hand.
Who was John D. Rockefeller? The founder of Standard Oil Company who became one of the world's wealthiest men and a major philanthropist.
What is horizontal integration? Ownership of businesses in the same field or industry. Rockefeller used horizontal integration.
Who was Andrew Carnegie? An industrialist who became extremely wealthy in the steel industry and became a major philanthropist.
What is vertical integration? Owning businesses involved in every step of the manufacturing process. Carnegie used vertical integration.
What does “rags to riches” mean? The idea that a person can rise from poverty to wealth through hard work.
What economic system supported the “rags to riches” idea? Capitalism, or free enterprise, in which individuals own most businesses.
What is a monopoly? When a business gains total ownership or control of a good or service.
Why were people concerned about monopolies? Monopolies reduced competition.
Why is competition important for consumers? According to the resource, competition helps keep prices low and the quality of goods and services high.
What were working conditions like for many factory workers? Workers often experienced long hours, low wages, dirty workplaces, and dangerous conditions.
How long did many factory workers work? About 12 hours a day, 6 days a week.
What is a sweatshop? A small, dirty workplace where factory workers often worked long hours.
Who did factory owners often hire for low wages? Immigrants, women, and children.
What were company towns? Isolated communities near workplaces where many workers and their families lived.
What is collective bargaining? Workers negotiating as a group for higher pay and better working conditions.
What was the Knights of Labor? A national labor union that included skilled and unskilled laborers, African Americans, and women
How was the American Federation of Labor (AFL) different from the Knights of Labor? The AFL limited its membership to skilled workers.
The AFL limited its membership to skilled workers. Poor working conditions, low pay, and workers demanding better treatment helped lead to progressivism.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act? An 1890 law that made it illegal to create a monopoly or trust that restrained trade.
How are industrialization and urbanization connected? As factories and manufacturing grew, people moved to cities for jobs, causing cities to grow.
How did industrialization contribute to the growth of big business? Increased manufacturing and mass production allowed businesses to produce and sell more goods, helping some businesses and their owners become extremely wealthy.
How did problems created by industrialization lead to reform? Poor working conditions and powerful businesses caused workers and others to demand better treatment, stronger worker protections, and limits on monopolies.
 



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