Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Med Surg I Chapt 10
Mental Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acculturation altering cultural values or behaviors as a way to adapt to another culture | |
| adaptive denial client gradually adjusts to the reality of the loss, can help the client let go of previous (before the loss) perceptions while creating new ways of thinking about themself, others, and the world. | |
| ANTICIPATORY GRIEF when people FACING an imminent loss begin to grapple with the possibility of the loss or death in the near future. | |
| John Bowlby, a British psychoanalyst, proposed a theory that humans instinctively attain and retain affectional bonds with significant others through attachment behaviors. | |
| attentive presence being with the client and focusing intently on communicating with and understanding them. | |
| BEREAVEMENT is known as grieving; the process by which a person experiences the grief. PROCESSING GRIEF | It involves not only the content (what a person thinks, says, and feels) but also the process (how a person thinks, says, and feels). |
| complicated grieving a response outside the norm, occurring when a person is void of emotion, grieves for prolonged periods, or has expressions of grief that seem disproportionate to the event. | |
| death cafes events rather than places, nonprofit social franchises that meet in community settings to provide an informal forum for discussing death. tea and cake are usually served | a way to deal with job-related grief felt health care workers |
| disenfranchised grief often involves deaths, mourners, or situations that are not socially supported or sanctioned or that carry a stigma for the mourners. | |
| GRIEF the SUBJECTIVE EMOTION and affect that are a normal response to the EXPERIENCE OF LOSS | |
| grieving is the process by which a person experiences grief. | |
| grieving tasks the bereaved person faces involves active rather than passive participation. It is sometimes called “grief work” because it is difficult and requires tremendous effort and energy to accomplish. | |
| homeostasis a state of equilibrium or balance. | |
| MOURNING the OUTWARD EXPRESSION OF GRIEF. Rituals of mourning include having a wake, sitting Shiva, holding religious ceremonies, and arranging funerals | Rituals of mourning include having a wake, sitting Shiva, holding religious ceremonies, and arranging funerals. |
| outcry First realization of the loss. may be outward, expressed by screaming, yelling, crying, or collapse. | |
| prolonged grief type of complicated grieving, characterized by intense, persistent grief that interferes with a person’s daily life | |
| theories of grieving Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, John Bowlby, George Engel, and Mardi Horowitz. | |
| Loss allows a person to change, develop, and fulfill innate human potential. It may be planned, expected, or sudden. Although it can be difficult, loss is sometimes beneficial. At other times, it is devastating and debilitating. | |
| Which of the following give cues to the nurse that a client may be grieving for a loss? Thoughts, feelings, behavior, and physiological complaints | |
| Situations that are considered risk factors for complicated grief are death of a spouse or child, death by suicide, and sudden and unexpected death. | |
| Physiological responses of complicated grieving include Headaches, insomnia Impaired appetite, weight loss Lack of energy Palpitations, indigestion Changes in immune and endocrine systems | |
| Critical factors for successful integration of loss during the grieving process are the client’s adequate perception, adequate support, and adequate coping. | |
| Rando’s six R’s of grieving tasks include react, readjust, reinvest, recognize, relinquish, recollect and reexperience | |
| Nursing interventions that are helpful for the grieving client include allowing denial when it is useful correcting faulty assumptions providing attentive presence reviewing past coping behaviors. | |
| Physiological loss: Examples include amputation of a limb, a mastectomy or hysterectomy, or loss of mobility. | |
| Maladaptive thoughts, such as rumination, catastrophizing, and worrying about doing the right thing, to the exclusion of problem-solving, positive thoughts, or cognitive reappraisal | |
| Dysfunctional behaviors, such as avoiding all reminders of the deceased person or immersing oneself in the lost loved one’s possessions and pictures and daydreaming about being together to the exclusion of any other coping strategies | |
| Inadequate emotional regulation, or focusing exclusively on negative emotions; not taking a break for more soothing or calming pursuits; and ignoring regular routines for eating, sleeping, activities, and social contact | |
| The process of grieving has been described by many theorists, including Kübler-Ross, Bowlby, Engel, and Horowitz. | |
| Dimensions of human response include cognitive, emotional, spiritual, behavioral, and physiological. | |
| Complicated grief often requires formal intervention. response outside the norm, occurring when a person is void of emotion, grieves for prolonged periods, or has expressions of grief that seem disproportionate to the event. | |
| complicated grief therapies are randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of participating in a cognitive–behavioral grief therapy (CBGT) group to participating in a psychoeducational and emotional expression intervention (PSDEEI) group. | |
| Ongoing self-examination is an effective method of keeping the therapeutic relationship goal-directed and acutely attentive to the client’s needs. | |
| Grief work is one of life’s most difficult challenges. The challenge of integrating a loss requires all that the person can give of mind, body, and spirit. | |
| Because the nurse constantly interacts with clients at various points on the health–illness continuum, they must understand loss and the process of grieving. | |
| Dimensions of human response include cognitive, emotional, spiritual, behavioral, and physiological. | |
| People may be experiencing more than one phase of the grieving process at a time. | |
| Complicated grieving is a response that lies outside the norm. The person may be void of emotion, grieve for a prolonged period, or express feelings that seem out of proportion. | |
| Low self-esteem, distrust of others, a psychiatric disorder, previous suicide threats or attempts, and absent or unhelpful family members increase the risk of complicated grieving. | |
| Situations considered risk factors for complicated grief in those already vulnerable include death of a spouse or child, a sudden unexpected death, and murder. | |
| During assessment, the nurse observes and listens for cues in what the person thinks and feels and how they behave and then uses these relevant data to guide the client in the grieving process. | |
| Crisis theory can be used to help the nurse working with a client who is grieving | |
| Adequate perception, adequate support, and adequate coping are critical factors. | |
| Effective communication skills are the key to successful assessment and interventions. | |
| Interventions focused on the perception of loss include exploring the meaning of the loss and allowing adaptive denial, which is the process of gradually adjusting to the reality of a loss. | |
| Being there to help the client while assisting them in seeking other sources of support is an essential intervention. | |
| Encouraging the client to care for themself promotes adequate coping. | |
| To earn the client’s trust, the nurse must examine their own attitudes about loss and periodically take a self-awareness inventory. | |
| Physiological responses of complicated grieving include impaired immune system, increased serum prolactin level, and increased mortality rate from heart disease | the question from book |
| Physiological loss: Examples include amputation of a limb, a mastectomy or hysterectomy, or loss of mobility. | |
| Safety loss: Loss of a safe environment is evident in domestic violence, child abuse, or public violence. | |
| Loss of security and a sense of belonging: The loss of a loved one affects the need to love and the feeling of being loved. | |
| Loss accompanies changes in relationships, such as birth, marriage, divorce, illness, and death; as the meaning of a relationship changes, a person may lose roles within a family or group | |
| Loss of self-esteem: Any change in how a person is valued at work or in relationships or by themself can threaten self-esteem | |
| It may be an actual change or the person’s perception of a change in value. | |
| Death of a loved one, a broken relationship, loss of a job, and retirement are examples of change that represent loss and can result in a threat to self-esteem. | |
| Loss related to self-actualization: An external or internal crisis that blocks or inhibits striving toward fulfillment may threaten personal goals and individual potential. | |
| A person who wanted to go to college, write books, and teach at a university reaches a point in life when it becomes evident that those plans will never materialize or a person loses hope that they will find a mate and have children. | These are losses that the person will grieve. |
| Kübler-Ross developed a model of five stages to explain what people experience as they grieve and mourn: | |
| Denial is shock and disbelief regarding the loss. | |
| Anger may be expressed toward God, relatives, friends, or health care providers. | |
| Bargaining occurs when the person asks God or fate for more time to delay the inevitable loss. | |
| Depression results when awareness of the loss becomes acute. | |
| Acceptance occurs when the person shows evidence of coming to terms with death. | |
| Recognize: Experiencing the loss, understanding that it is real, and that it has happened | |
| React: Emotional response to loss, feeling the feelings | |
| Recollect and reexperience: Memories are reviewed and relived | |
| Relinquish: Accepting that the world has changed (as a result of the loss) and that there is no turning back | |
| Readjust: Beginning to return to daily life; loss feels less acute and overwhelming | |
| Reinvest: Accepting changes that have occurred; reentering the world, forming new relationships and commitments | |
| In an ambivalent attachment, at least one partner is unclear about how the couple loves or does not love each other. | For example, when a person is uncertain about and feels pressure from others to have an abortion, they are experiencing ambivalence about their unborn child. |
| In a dependent attachment, one partner relies on the other to provide for their needs without necessarily meeting the partner’s needs. | |
| An insecure attachment usually forms during childhood, especially if a child has learned fear and helplessness (i.e., through intimidation, abuse, or control by parents). | |
| In a strong, rewarding relationship, the remaining partner cannot envision going on with life without the lost partner. | |
| Death of a spouse or child Death of a parent (particularly in early childhood or adolescence) Sudden, unexpected, and untimely death Multiple deaths Death by suicide or murder | These experiences are related to trauma or individual perceptions of vulnerability |
| 5 DIMENSIONS OF GRIEF COGNITIVE= CONFUSION EMOTIONAL=SADNESS/GUILT/ANGER SPIRITUAL=QUESTION FAITH BEHAVIORAL =CRYING/SPCIAL WITHDRAW PHSIOLOGICAL=INSOMNIA/APPETITE CHANGE |
Created by:
Daarina Jones