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Wells & Water Supply
As a home inspector you should know the following about Wells & Water Supply
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the purpose of a Well? | To access ground water in the underground Aquifers ** The Well water is drawn up by a pump/buckets that are raised mechanically/hand |
| Describe the operation of a Well | 1) Pump used to push/pull water from underground 2) Cycles for 1 min on/off 3) Cycle off period water flow continued by the pressure tank 4) When tank is low the pump turns back on 5) Fills the Tank back up and when it dips below - it refills again |
| Name the 3 most common types of Wells | 1) Drilled Wells 2) Driven Wells 3) Dug/Bored Wells |
| Drilled wells are constructed with excavation equipment. A hole is dug 50' - ________ into the bedrock to access the aquifer | 1000' ** This is most expensive version of a well |
| What are the 7 main components for a Drilled Well System? | 1) Well Cap 2) Ground 3) Well Casing 4) Water Table 5) Submersible Pump 6) Casing Filter 7) Aquifer |
| Name the 2 types of Well Heads | 1) Non-sanitary (allows debris and bugs) 2) Sanitary (nothing gets in) |
| What is it? Tube in the ground that houses the Well Pump & the pipe that moves water from the Pump to the surface ** It also prevents the hold from collapsing & keeps contaminants out of the water supply | Casing ** Modern Well Casings are 5" PVC Material |
| Sediment filters act as a barrier against particulates & grit. What else are these known as? | Well Casing Screens / Filters |
| What is a Submersible Pump? | A single multi-stage centrifugal pump that is oriented in the vertical direction and pushes the working fluid up, rather than pushing the fluid to the location |
| What is it? Usually 3' - 4' tall cylinder located in the house. Operates by keeping stored water in a constant state of pressure | Pressure Tank 1) water is drawn from the tank 2) pressure level drops 3) pre-set threshold activates and replenishes the tank 4) pressure in the tank has raised again |
| The primary function of a Pressure Tank is to act as a ________ reservoir, keeping constant water pressure throughout the Plumbing System | Storage |
| Most home water systems are set up to turn the pump on at 20, 30, 40psi & shutoff at... | 40, 50, 60psi **By reducing the on/off cycling of the pump, this should prolong the Pressure Tank & other Well System components lifespans |
| What are the 3 types of Pressure Tanks? | 1) Bladder 2) Diaphragm 3) Single Compartment |
| What are the potential downsides to having a Driven Well? | 1) Low digging levels (30' - 50') 2) Easily contamination risk as they're closer to the surface 3) Rain water may carry bacteria which can contaminate a shallow Well |
| Dug/Shallow Wells are challenging to maintain due to being shallowly dug. Name some others | 1) 10' - 30' depth 2) Lining is loose stone 3) Surface water can be contaminated easily 4) Shocking/bleaching the system once per year to clear contaminates 5) Expensive UV upgrades may be necessary to pass Water Testing |
| How does a home inspector perform a well inspection? | 1) Condition of equipment 2) Listen for clicking of the Switch Box (on/off) 3) No pump next to the equipment = Drilled Well System 4) Pump next to equipment = Dug/Shallow System ** If home is being supplied with water and the equipment fine - passes |
| What is the typical Well Flow Test (Gallons Per Minute) that is needed in Real Estate Transactions? | 3 GPM for 1 Hour ** Sometimes the rate may be 5 GPM for 2 hours |
| How should a home inspector perform a Well Flow Test? ** This test does NOT test whether the Well works, that is a "Recovery Test", which is performed by a Well contractor | 1) Look for 3/4" garden hose attachment on the exterior of the house, attach your hose attachment 2) Attach a Flow Meter to the end of your attachment / 5 gallon bucket 3) This determines if the Well stores enough water |
| How can you determine the amount of Gallons Per Hour? | Ex: 1 Hour FORMULA: Gallons/Minute X 60 Minutes ex: 2.5 Gallons / Minute X 60 Minutes = 150GPH |
| How far should Wells be from contaminant sources? | Storage of manure -- 200' Seepage Pit -- 150' Leech Fields -- 100' Septic Tank -- 50' Sanitary Sewer (Public) -- 50' Streams, Lakes, Ponds -- 25' Wetlands, Drainage, Ditches -- 25' |
Created by:
normandesch