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Heating Systems
As a home inspector you should know the following for Heating Systems!
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 important elements when looking at a Heating System? | 1) Identifying the type of unit 2) Understanding how the unit heats the house/building 3) Energy source of the unit |
| What are the 7 items that a home inspector must observe and report on? | 1) Fuel type, Heating equipment, & Heating Distribution System 2) Operate by Thermostat 3) Open/Close operable Panels 4) Condition of components & Chimneys 5) Condition of functionality 6) Document heat sources per room 7) Supplementary Heat Units |
| Name the first 7 items that a home inspector is NOT required to observe or report on (1/2) | 1) Systems that don't use a Thermostat 2) Heat Exchangers 3) Not accessible 4) Dismantle components 5) Interior Chimney Flues 6) Humidifiers, Air Purifiers, Moisturized Dampers, Heat Reclaimers 7) Activate systems when it isn't safe / temperature =! |
| Name the last 6 items that a home inspector is NOT required to observe or report on (2/2) | 8) Evaluate Material Types for Insulation or Pipe components 9) Capacity efficiency 10) Test Gas Logs, Grills, Stoves, Space-heaters, solar devices 11) Clearance of combustibles 12) Gas leaks or Carbon Monoxide 13) Radiant Heating Systems |
| What are the 3 methods for transfer of energy between molecules? | 1) Conduction 2) Convection 3) Radiation |
| TRUE or FALSE If there is a temperature difference between the 2 systems, heat will always find a way to transfer from LOWER temperature to HIGHER temperature? | FALSE Higher temperature to the lower temperature |
| Previously, heating a house/building was through conduction and radiation, but since the 21st century Heating Systems typically use ________ | Convection |
| What is it? Heat transfer through stationary matter by physical contact Ex: Radiant Floor Heating - The flooring material is heated by Hot Water Pipes & Electrical Wires | Conduction |
| What is it? Between a surface & adjacent fluid (Gas, Air, or Liquid) and by the flow of fluid from one place to another. This is induced by temperature control Ex: Thermostat | Convection |
| What is it? The transfer of Thermal Energy through matter of space by electromagnetic waves. No transfer medium is required. Mostly infrared waves & visible light emitted by object temperature Example: Fireplaces (Fire-logs, Coal, Pellets, etc) | Radiation |
| Name the 4 types of Heating Systems home inspectors should know and how they function | 1) Forced Hot Air 2) Forced Hot Water 3) Steam 4) Area Space Heaters |
| What is the most common type of Forced Hot Air Systems? | Furnace |
| What are the 10 main components of a Furnace | 1) Hot Air Plenum 2) Flue 3) Ductwork to Register 4) Gas 5) Combustion Chamber 6) Burner 7) Return Air 8) Filter 9) Heat Exchanger 10) Blower |
| How do Furnaces work? | Furnaces use forced-air convection to heat your home. A blower fan pulls cool air through a filter into the heat exchanger, where burners warm it up. The fan then forces this conditioned air back through ductwork to distribute it to rooms |
| What is AFUE? | Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency - Ration between the useful energy outputs to energy inputs Ex: Convection Systems < 73%, Mid-Efficiency 80-89%, High-Efficiency 90-97% ** Furnaces outputs 80% BTU of useful energy for every 100 BTU of Natural Gas |
| How can a home inspector easily identify a High-Efficiency Heating System? | Look for the Exhaust made of PVC Pipe on the Exterior of the house/building |
| How does High-Efficiency Heat Systems function? ** To achieve the Thermostat temperature, the house air leaving the system is significantly higher | 1) Air pulled through Blower 2) Preheated Air to Heat Exchanger 3) House air absorbs heat from exhaust gases, causing the gases to cool and produce condensation 4) Pre-heated air entering the primary heat exchanger is warmed to its required temperature |
| How do Forced Hot Water Systems function? | Water is heated by a Boiler & then piped through a radiator with the use of a circulating pump. Hot water flows into the radiator to heat it up, which then warms the room. Once cooled, this water heads back to the boiler to be reheated to 160–180°F |
| What are the 11 key components of a Boiler System? | 1) Circulation Pump 2) Heat Exchanger 3) Aquastat 4) Gauges 5) Relief Valve 6) Expansion Tank 7) Firebox 8) Pressure Gauge 9) Burner 10) Safety Valve 11) Flow Control Valve |
| What is it? Moved the fluid through systems and buildings? | Circulation Pump |
| What is it? This device allows fluid to increase the energy The Heat from the burner is carried to the water without direct contact with the water | Heat Exchanger |
| What is it? Controls the temperature inside the Boiler just as the thermostat controls the temperature of a furnace | Aquastat |
| What is it? Identifies the pressure & temperature fluid in the system | Gauges |
| What is it? Safety device that is approximately set to 30psi | Relief Valve |
| What is it? Water expands and contracts when the system is operating | Expansion Tank |
| What is it? The location where the systems fuel meets air, which creates a flame | Firebox ** AKA Combustion Chamber |
| What is it? A component used to measure the pressure inside of the Boiler | Pressure Gauge |
| What is it? The area where air mixes with the Boilers fuel & combusts | Burner |
| What is it? Used to automatically open if the pressure within the Boiler exceeds a certain threshold | Safety Valve |
| What is it? Opens/closes based on the Thermostat control & allows water to flow to that zone of the house/building | Flow Control Valve **Each Thermostat has an associated Flow Control Valve |
| How does a Boiler System function? | Thermostat signals valve/aquastat. Gas valve opens to burners, heating firebox & exchanger. Pump circulates water around chamber to radiators. Expansion tank manages pressure, water returns to cycle, and emissions vent out flue |
| Steam Heat is an older style of Heating. This was typically installed in houses/buildings prior to ________ | 1950's |
| How do Steam System Boilers function? ** The return pipes carries condensation water back to the Boiler. The piping diameter is also smaller | A boiler burns gas/oil to turn water to steam. This steam travels through pipes to radiators, which give off heat to warm rooms. As the steam cools, it condenses back into water and returns to the boiler to cycle again |
| TRUE or FALSE Piping has a POSITIVE slope back toward the Boiler to the Steam System. The cooled condensation can travel by gravity back to the system | FALSE Negative slope |
| What kind of buildings today may still use a Steam System Boiler? | High-Rise Buildings ** This is because the difficulty in pumping Hot water to the upper levels of the building |
| What are 3 main components of a Steam Boiler System? | 1) Sight Glass 2) Low Water Cutoff Valve (LWCV) 3) Water Feeder Valve |
| What is it? Shows the level of water in the Boiler? | Sight Glass |
| What is it? Turns off the burner if the water level falls dangerously low | Low Water Cutoff Valve |
| What is it? Manual flush valve that must be opened regularly (weekly) to flush accumulated sludge from the water feed control and LWCO | Water Feeder Valve ** An automatic WFV may be installed to maintain the Boiler water level |
| The purpose for the ________ is to transfer the Heat energy to the Living Space | Radiator ** The transfer of Heat energy is done by Convection ** When a person touches a Radiator, this however is Conduction |
| Where is the Bleed Value on a Hot Water Radiator? | Top portion of the Radiator **Radiators need bleeding when they have air trapped inside of them |
| As the Radiator fills with ________ it pushes the air out through an open vent | Steam ** This exchange of air to steam heats up the vent (heat-sensitive), until the vent closes, trapping the steam in the Radiator to capture the heat |
| Name 3 examples of Space Heaters | 1) Electric Baseboards 2) Gas Space Heaters 3) Fireplace |
| How do you inspect an Area Space Heater? | 1) Turn it on and if it generates heat, its operational 2) Then do a condition & safety inspection |
| Name the 5 types of Energy Sources that are used in Heating Systems used today | 1) Natural Gas 2) Propane 3) Oil 4) Electricity 5) Wood/Solar |
| TRUE or FALSE Natural Gas is an effective, save colorless, & odorless gas | TRUE ** For easy detection, a harmless chemical called Mercaptan (skunk/egg smell) to give gas a distinctive odor ** Typically black galvanized pipe is connected in an arrangement from the gas meter to each appliance |
| What is the main difference between Propane Gas & Natural Gas? | Propane is compressed into a liquid form and sold in portable canisters, or delivered via truck to a Storage Tank ** Tanks are located on the outside of houses & sometimes even buried **Mercaptan is also added for odor detection |
| TRUE or FALSE It is your job as an inspector to determine how serious a Natural Gas leak is and if one is currently present during an inspection | FALSE Not the home inspectors job ** Notify the Realtor first & make sure the current home owner & gas distributor is notified |
| What is Fuel Oil #2 also known as? | Heating Oil **Fuel Oil #1 (Kerosene), range oil, jet fuel, etc are included in the Heating Oil category |
| What are the 3 types of above ground Oil tanks? | 1) Top Tap (2 line system) 2) End Tap (Side Tap) 3) Bottom Tap (Most commonly used today) |
| Oil tanks that are stored outside the house should have a pad to sit on, why? | The pad keeps the tank away from the soil in case the tank should fail & drop oil into the ground |
| TRUE or FALSE Oil tanks located on the outside of a house are Fuel Oil #2 | FALSE Fuel Oil #1 |
| How should a home inspector inspect Oil tanks? | 1) Flashlight on the bottom of the tank 2) Check the legs for corrosion/rust or possible bending **Lifespans are normally 20 years |
| Should a home inspector advise their client to have the current home owner to remove buried Oil Tanks prior to closing? | YES! ** If the property you're inspecting has signs of a buried Oil tank you should recommend to your client to have the soil tested to ensure it has not been contaminated. Your client is responsible for future leaks & current leaks (5k-130k est) |
| How should a home inspector inspect for a buried Oil tank? | 1) Check for feeder lines coming from the Basement Walls 2) Fill or vent pipes protruding out of the ground 3) Hidden pipes (these are harder to find) |
| Why is PVC piping used over other material types? | The condensation left behind is considered to be very acidic. This is why the exhaust pipe is ducted to the Exterior Wall and not through the Chimney |
| What are the 2 types of High-Efficiency piping? | 1) Standard 2) Concentric |
| Why are draft regulators necessary? | Too much of a draft will decrease the efficiency of the Heating System. This in return would increase cost ($) and increase Chimney levels to an unsafe level ** Too little of draft can result in incomplete combustion |
| TRUE or FALSE Most Heating Systems generate Carbon Monoxide during operation/use | TRUE |
| Name the 2 places where you would want to measure for CO (Carbon Monoxide) | 1) Heat Exchanger - Check for cracks & set meter on top of the Furnace for 10 minutes 2) Interior of the house next to the vents |
| TRUE or FALSE A home inspector ALWAYS measures for Carbon Monoxide to do a proper Furnace inspection | FALSE This is the at the home inspector's desecration ** Invest in a quality measuring device ($200) ** There are two types of meters A: Ambient Air Reading B: Probe |
| What are the the 5 steps for observing and inspecting a Heating System? | 1) Identify the System & Fuel Type 2) Turn on the system via the Thermostat (set to 74℉) 3) Determine that the unit is working 4) Measure the ambient Carbon Monoxide around the unit 5) Check if heat is being supplied to the vents & radiators |
Created by:
normandesch