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Unit 1B
Forms and Systems of Government
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autocracy | a form of government in which unlimited power is concentrated in one individual |
| constitutional monarchy | a form of monarchy where the monarch serves in only a limited or symbolic role, restricted by a written set of laws |
| constitutional republic | a form of government in which there is democratic voting, but governmental power is limited by the existence of a constitution that protects the rights of citizens |
| democracy | a form of government in which political power is held by the people; may be direct or indirect |
| due process of law | the right of people accused of crimes to have laws that treat them fairly, so that they cannot lose their life or freedom without having their legal rights protected |
| federalism | the division of power between the national government and state governments |
| limited government | a government that has been limited in power by a constitution, or written agreement |
| monarchy | a form of government headed by a king or queen who inherits the position, rules for life, and holds power that can range anywhere between limited to absolute |
| oligarchy | a form of government in which a small group or class of people have total control and power with little to no accountability |
| representative government | a form of government that allows people to vote and elect government officials to represent their beliefs and make decisions on their behalf |
| republic | a form of government in which the people elect representatives to make policies and laws for them; sometimes called a representative democracy or indirect democracy |
| theocracy | a form of government in which religious authorities rule in the name of a god or deity |
| totalitarian | a form of government in which power is centralized with one individual or group and requires complete subservience to the state |
| confederal | a system of government where power is located with independent states, and there is little power in the central government |
| federal | a system of government in which power is shared between a national government and state/local governments |
| sovereignty | supreme power or authority |
| unitary | a system of government where almost all power is located with the central government |
| capitalism | an economic system in which private individuals own and control most of the factors of production |
| communism | a political and economic system of centralized power in which a single-party or dictatorship abolishes private property and controls the means of production and the distribution of goods and services |
| economic freedom | the ability of citizens in a society to make economic choices |
| economic indicators | data used to help measure the health of the economy; common examples include GDP, PPP, HDI, employment numbers, inflation, home sales etc |
| free enterprise | an economic system in which private business operates in competition and is largely free of state control |
| market economy | an economic system in which production and prices are determined by supply and demand and unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses |
| mixed economy | an economic system in which some elements of the economy are left to the free market while some are managed by the government |
| private property | ownership of property by private parties, essentially anyone or anything other than the government |
| socialism | a political and economic system in which the government owns and controls major industries rather than individual people and companies |
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