Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio Principles II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polar molecule | charges are unevenly distributed |
| covalent bond | sharing electrons |
| hydrogen bonds | partial positive attracts partial negative, constantly break and reform |
| 1st Property of Water: | cohesion and adhesion of water cohesion: water molecules sticking together thru H Bonds adhesion: attraction btwn different substances |
| 2nd Property of Water: | moderation of temperature kinetic E, thermal E, temperature, heat |
| kilo | 1,000 |
| calorie | amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1 C |
| joule | another unit of energy |
| specific heat | amount of energy needed to be lost or gained to change temp by 1 C |
| H20 has high specific heat- due to H bonds | absorb heat when H bonds break release heat when H bonds form |
| 3rd Property of Water: | Heat Absorption/ Evaporative Cooling absorb heat from hot air- cooling the air heat of vaporization- amount of heat absrobed when changed from liquid to gas evaporative cooling- vaporization pulls heat from the surface to drop temp. |
| 4th Property of Water | Ice floats H bonds in ice are more structured and longer than in liquid density decreases |
| Water is the solvent of life | solution- liquid that a homogenous mixture solvent- dissolving agent solute- dissolved substance |
| hydration shell | water surrounding solutes in a strucutred way |
| hydrophilic | water loving- carbs, nucleic acids, globular proteins |
| hydrophobic | water fearing- lipids, oils, transmembrane proteins |
| Acidic/ Basic | H20 can transfer H between molecules |
| Acids | easily donate/ release H- increase concentration of H in solution high pH |
| Bases | easily accept H- decrease concentration of H in solution low pH |
| A pH of 7 is | neutral |
| Buffers | chemicals that help maintain specific pH, carbonic acid and bicarbonate |
| macromolecules | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and protein |
| enzymes | specialized macromolecules that act as catalysts for a chemical reaction |
| Synthesis | link monomers- dehydration reaction, requires E |
| Degraduation | remove monomer from a polymer- hydrolysis reaction, doesn't require E |
| Carbohydrates | sugars, monosacchrides, have a lot of carboxol groups, making them hydrophilic, use E, dehydration to link 2 monosacchrides into polysacchride- starch, glycogen, celluose |
| Starch | polymer of alpha glucose linked by a 1.4 glycosidic bond, structure for plants |
| 2 forms of starch | amylose- straight and unbranched amylopectin- somewhat branched once about 30 will and 1.6 glycosidic bond to form branch |
| Glycogen | polymer of alpha glucose with primarily 1.4 glycosidic and 1.6 glycosidic bonds which are highly branched and have about 10 sugars, provide energy storage in animals |
| Cellulose | polymer of beta glucose with 1.4 glycosidic bonds, provide structure of cell walls for plants and algae |
| Lipids | hydrophobic, made of hydrocarbons, energy storage |
| Fats | Triglycerides- consists of two smaller molecules |
| Glycerol | 3c alcohol |
| Fatty Acids | carboxyl group |
| Types of Fatty Acids | Saturated and Unsaturated |
| Saturated Fatty Acids | max number of C-H bonds, no double, solid at room temp, used for animal fats, high melting temp |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acids | 1 or more double bonds between, liquid at room temp, plants and fish, low melting temp |
| Phospholipids | glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails, main function to from membranes |
| Steroids | carbon skeleton with 4-fused rings, hydrophobic and cross membranes, function is hormone signalling, cholestrol |
| Cholestrol | components of animal membranes, used to make hormones |
| Proteins are not for..... | making energy |
| Functions of Protein | enzymatic, defensive, storage, transport, hormonal, receptor, contractile and motor, and structure |
| Proteins are made up of | amino acids, 20 |
| What are the different groups in a protein chain? | amino group, carboxyl group, R group |
| Protein Structure | 3D shape of the protein |
| structure= | function |
| 1st layer of protein structure: primary | sequence of amino acids, N terminus- C terminus |
| 2nd layer of protein structure: secondary | coils and folds alpha helix: coil- H bond between every 4th amino acid beta sheets: long chains that H bond |
| 3rd layer of protein structure: tertiary | 3D shape of 1 peptide, relies on non-covalent interactions due to side chains (R) |
| Noncovalent interactions | ionic bonds, hydrophilic/phobic, H bonds |
| 4th layer of protein structure: quartenary | multiple peptides interacting |
Created by:
user-2021040