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Biology key terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organism | All living things |
| Biogenesis | All livings things are produced by another living thing |
| Biosphere | All the places on the earth that support living things |
| Biodiversity | The variety of living things in an area |
| Continuity of life | Living things of the same type reproduce over generations |
| Characters of life: 1) cellular basis | All living things are made up of cells |
| Biomolecules | The chemicals used by organisms |
| Unicellular | Single-cell organisms. Eg: yeast, bacteria |
| Multicellular | A complex organism made of many cells. Eg: humans, animals |
| 2) organisation | Levels in multicellular organisms to help them function properly. |
| Type of level | Cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism |
| 3) Reproduction | The ability of an organisms to produce same type of individual |
| Sexual reproduction | Produced by fusing sex cells from two parents. Eg: humans, animals |
| Asexual | Produced by only one parent without sex cells.Eg: strawberry plants |
| 4) Heredity | The passing of characteristics from one generation to the next |
| Gene | Unit of heredity. Controls the passing of characteristic from one generation to the next |
| 5) Nutrition | How organisms use and get food |
| Autotroph | Organisms that can make its own food |
| Photosynthesis | The way plants and some other organisms make their food using sunlight energy |
| Heterotroph | Organisms that cannot make their own food so they must find and take in food |
| Matter | The cycle through organisms as it makes and takes in food |
| Energy | Flows from the sun to plants |
| 6) metabolism | The chemical reactions that take place in an organisms |
| 7) Respiration | The release of energy from food so organisms can do work |
| 8) Excretion | The removal of waste products of metabolism from cells |
| 9)Homeostasis | All the ways an organisms can maintain the best internal conditions for metabolism |
| 10) Response | Ways organisms react to internal and external changes in their environment |
| Stimulus | The changes in an organisms environment |
| Receptor | Structure that senses the changes in the organisms environment |
| Growth | The increase in size of an organism |
| Microscope | Used to magnify specimens (cells) |
| Parts: Eye Piece | Used to see/ magnify the image |
| Nosepiece | Holds and positions objective lenses |
| Objective lens | Used to magnify specimen by different powers (x4,x10x40) |
| Stage | Used to hold the slide |
| Stage height adjuster | To move stage up and down |
| Diaphragm | Used to control the amount of light shined on the specimen |
| Conductor | Used to focus the light ( not all microscopes show this) |
| Light source | Provides light to the specimen |
| Base | Used to keep the microscope stable |
| Coarse focus | Focuses the image approximately |
| Fine Focus | Focuses the image completely |
| Stage clips | Keeps the slide in place |
| Arm | Used to move the microscope safely around |
| Cell | The smallest unit that holds all the characteristics of life |
| Microscopy | The study of small objects |
| Specimen | A sample of cell or tissue from animal or plant cell viewed under a light microscope |
| Cell microstructure | The structure and organelles of animal&plant cells viewed under a microscope |
| Organelles | Structures in cells |
| Cell membrane | Surrounds cell, controls what enters and exits cell |
| Cytoplasm | All the living parts of a cell except for nucleus |
| Protoplasm | All living parts of cell including nucleus |
| Nucleus | The control centre of the cell, contains DNA |
| The cell wall | Only found in plant cells, gives it structure and strength |
| Vacuole | It is used for storage and plant cells have a bigger vacuole than animals cells |
| Chloroplast | Also only found in plant cells, gives plants it green colour through pigment called chlorophyll |
| Iodine stain | Brown stain used to see PLANT CELLS clearer under microscope |
| Methylene blue stain | Used to see ANIMAL CELLS clearer under microscope |