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Bio
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| cytoplasm | is everything inside the cell that isn’t the nucleus. Both organelles and the cytosol make up the cytoplasm |
| cytosol | is the liquid inside the cell. Everything inside the cell that isn’t an organelle is cytosol |
| organelles | the general name for the various structures inside the cytoplasm |
| nucleus | are a long sequence of genetic information in the form of DNA |
| chromatin | long strings of information aren’t visible in the nucleus |
| nucleolous | is the dark area in the center of the nucleus. Among other functions, the nucleolus makes ribosomes |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) | releases lipids, such as hormones, that are used both in the cell and in neighboring tissue |
| Ribosomes | synthesize (make) proteins from amino acids, also found inside the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) | studded with ribosomes, contains ribosomes- modifies proteins by attaching small proteins together and attaching carbohydrates |
| cell | smallest unit of living matter |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, packages, and distributes cellular molecules |
| Transport vesicles | fuse with the membrane and release their contents |
| secretory vesicle | transports outside of the cell |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell, since it provides the energy for the cell to do its various metabolic tasks |
| Peroxisomes | contain enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide to give oxygen |
| lysosomes | special vesicles that are filled with digestive enzymes; digests food molecules and rids the cell of non-functioning organelles |
| Vacuoles | large storage containers for water, food, wastes- large in plant cells |
| Chloroplasts | photosynthetic organelles- plants and algae |
| Cytoskeleton | Proteins structures that give a cell its shape |
| Isotonic | Normal |
| Hypertonic | Shriveled, not enough water |
| Hypotonic | Exploding, too much water |
| Cilia | makes water around the cell |
| Flagella | moves the cell |
| Prokaryote | bacteria, smaller, no membrane bound, no nucleus |
| Eukaryote | membrane bound, nucleus, larger, fungi and algae |
| Selectively Permeable | some pass more freely than others |
| Diffusion | high concentration to low concentration |
| Phospholipid | Plasma membrane, |
| What eats up bacteria | Lysosomes |
| When the concentration is the same in and out of the cell does the cell stop moving? | No, Isotonic |
| Cell membrane | Controls what goes in and out of the cell |
| Endocytosis | takes material into the cells |
| Exocytosis | secretes materials outside the cell |
| A Attachment | Membrane proteins attach the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton inside the cell and the extracellular matrix outside the cell. This helps support the cell’s shape |
| B Cell Signaling | Proteins receive signals from outside the cell and help the cell respond to them |
| C Enzymatic Activity | Some membrane proteins act as enzymes, helping chemical reactions happen |
| D Transport | Transport proteins move substances such as ions and molecules across the cell membrane |
| E Inter cellular Joining | Membrane proteins connect neighboring cells together |
| F Cell Recognition | Proteins help cells recognize and identify each other, which is important for the immune system and communication |
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