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Stack #4707908
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the fundamental living unit of any living organism |
| Metabolism | The sum of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell |
| Most simple cell | procaryotes (no nucleus) |
| Viruses | don't have cell - are particles |
| Examples of eucaryotes | Yeast Protozoa Algae Helminths Animal cells |
| Always unicelluar | protozoa |
| unicellular or multicellular | fungi, algae |
| always multicellular | helminths |
| Have cell walls | plants, algae, fungi, most bacteria |
| no cell walls | animals, protozoa, mycoplasma species |
| Cell membrane | Mosaic of large molecules of proteins and phospholipids |
| What does cell membrane do? | Regulates passage of nutrients, waste products and secretions in and out of the cell |
| Does it have selective permeability? | Yes |
| Nucleus is called the ______ of the cell | command center |
| 3 components of Nucleus | nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and nuclear membrane. |
| What is embedded in the nucleoplasm? | Chromosomes |
| What does Eucaryotic chromosomes consist of? | linear DNA molecules and proteins |
| Where are genes located? | along the DNA molecules |
| What is the the organism’s complete collection of genes? | The organism’s genotype or genome |
| Each gene contains the information to produce a ..? | gene product |
| Most genes code for proteins but some code for ..? | 2 types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) |
| Humans have cell membrane, not a _____ _____? | cell wall |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A highly convoluted system of membranes arranged to form a transport network in the cytoplasm |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | the site of protein synthesis and transport into the cistern |
| Ribosomes made up of...? | Mainly ribosomal RNA and protein |
| What are ribosomes important for? | the synthesis of proteins. |
| eukaryotic cell generally have a Svedberg value of ____? | 80S |
| Golgi Complex | Completes the transformation of newly synthesized proteins and packages them for storage or export. Connects or communicates with ER. |
| Golgi Complex also called _____ or ______? | Golgi apparatus or Golgi body. |
| Where do Lysosomes and Peroxisomes origninate? | in the Golgi complex |
| Lysosomes contain ? | lysozyme and other digestive enzymes |
| Peroxisomes are ...? | membrane bound vesicles where H2O2 is generated and broken down |
| Mitochondria | Power plants,” “powerhouses,” or “energy factories” of the eucaryotic cell |
| ATP molecules are formed by ..? | cellular respiration |
| Number of mitochondria varies depends on? | activities of cell |
| Plastids (pohtosythentic cell only) | Membrane-bound structures containing photosynthetic pigments – they are sites of photosynthesis |
| Chloroplasts | a type of plastid. |
| Cytoskeleton | A system of fibers throughout the cytoplasm |
| 3 types of fibers in Eucaryotic cell structure? | microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. |
| Microtubules and microfilaments essential for | a variety of activities |
| Cell wall (some eucaryotic cells have cell walls) | an external structure to provide shape, protection and rigidity. Simpler than procaryotic cell wall. |
| What is found in cell wall of fungi? | Chitin |
| What is found in cell wall of algae and plants? | cellulose |
| Flagella | Organelles of locomotion; may be one or more flagella on a cell |
| Cilia | are also organelles of locomotion but are shorter, thinner and more numerous; hair-like. |
| Cilia can be found on | some species of protozoa and certain types of cells in our bodies (e.g., respiratory tract). |
| All bacteria and archaeans are? | procaryotes |
| Unlike eucaryotic cells, the cytoplasm of Procaryotic cells is not filled with | internal membranes |
| Procaryotic Cell Structure | 10 times smaller than eukaryotes, simple & reproduce by binary fission |
| Cytoplasm of procaryotic cell surrounded by | cell membrane, a cell wall (usually) and sometimes a capsule or slime layer. |
| In Eucaryotic cell, each organelle has it's own ___? | covering |
| What is cell membrane of procaryotic cell similar to? | Structure and function to the eucaryotic cell membrane |
| Procaryotic cell is selectively _____? | Permeable |
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