The uptake of a chemical or water into or across a tissue, such as skin.

The build-up of chemical in the organism as a result of repeated or long term exposure.

Acute irritant contact dermatitis

A form of dermatitis which arises from as a result of contact (usually a single exposure) with strong irritants such as mineral acids and alkalis.

Relates to adverse effects which may result from a single or limited number of exposures to a relatively large amount of chemical within a short period of time.

Any change in physiology, growth, development and potential viability which is not considered to be normal for the organism.

Where the combined effects of two substances are equal to the sum of the individual effects

A substance which can cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals

An adverse reaction which is caused by an over-stimulation of the immune system in response to a specific allergen

Any method which refines, reduces or replaces the use of animals is considered to be an alternative method (known as the 3R’s.)

The combined effect is less than the sum of the individual effects of the two substances if exposure occurred individually.

A substance which can elicit an immune response.

A tumor which does not invade the surrounding tissues or spread

The amount of the absorbed dose that reaches the systemic blood circulation/target organ.

A substance that is capable of causing cancer

Where a chemical (such as a drug) is transformed to another typically by enzymes. [Metabolism is an example of biotransformation.]

Chemicals which have similar physicochemical/human health/environmental properties grouped into the same category

The process of the development of a cancer

Relates to adverse health effects arising from continuous or intermittent exposure to low concentrations of chemical over a lifetime.

An acronym that relates to substances which are classified as Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Toxic for Reproduction

Corrosive/Chemical Burn

A chemical which will cause permanent damage to the area where exposure occurs and visual necrosis (cell death) can be seen following application of the substance for up to four hours.

Agents which cause structural chromosomal irregularities due to loss or re-arrangements of a chromosome segment

Chronic (cumulative) irritant contact dermatitis

A type of contact dermatitis which occurs following repeated exposures to marginal irritants such as solvents, detergents and soaps.

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Tox Vocab 1

Question	Answer
Absorption	The uptake of a chemical or water into or across a tissue, such as skin.
Accumulation	The build-up of chemical in the organism as a result of repeated or long term exposure.
Acute irritant contact dermatitis	A form of dermatitis which arises from as a result of contact (usually a single exposure) with strong irritants such as mineral acids and alkalis.
Acute toxicity	Relates to adverse effects which may result from a single or limited number of exposures to a relatively large amount of chemical within a short period of time.
Adverse effect	Any change in physiology, growth, development and potential viability which is not considered to be normal for the organism.
Additive effect	Where the combined effects of two substances are equal to the sum of the individual effects
Allergen	A substance which can cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals
Allergy	An adverse reaction which is caused by an over-stimulation of the immune system in response to a specific allergen
Alternative method	Any method which refines, reduces or replaces the use of animals is considered to be an alternative method (known as the 3R’s.)
Antagonism	The combined effect is less than the sum of the individual effects of the two substances if exposure occurred individually.
Antigen	A substance which can elicit an immune response.
Benign tumor	A tumor which does not invade the surrounding tissues or spread
Bioavailable	The amount of the absorbed dose that reaches the systemic blood circulation/target organ.
Carcinogen	A substance that is capable of causing cancer
Biotransformation	Where a chemical (such as a drug) is transformed to another typically by enzymes. [Metabolism is an example of biotransformation.]
Chemical grouping	Chemicals which have similar physicochemical/human health/environmental properties grouped into the same category
Carcinogenesis	The process of the development of a cancer
Chronic Toxicity	Relates to adverse health effects arising from continuous or intermittent exposure to low concentrations of chemical over a lifetime.
CMR (the worst!)	An acronym that relates to substances which are classified as Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or Toxic for Reproduction
Corrosive/Chemical Burn	A chemical which will cause permanent damage to the area where exposure occurs and visual necrosis (cell death) can be seen following application of the substance for up to four hours.
Clastogens	Agents which cause structural chromosomal irregularities due to loss or re-arrangements of a chromosome segment
Chronic (cumulative) irritant contact dermatitis	A type of contact dermatitis which occurs following repeated exposures to marginal irritants such as solvents, detergents and soaps.

Created by: Amanda-C

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