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Unit 1 Topic 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adhesion | The attraction between different substances, such as water sticking to the sides of a glass |
| Cohesion | The attraction between molecules of the same substance, such as water molecules sticking to each other |
| Polar molecule | A molecule that has an uneven distribution of electrical charge, giving it slightly positive and negative ends. Water is a polar molecule |
| Hydrogen bond | A weak attraction between molecules that occurs when a slightly positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a slightly negative part of another molecule |
| Surface tension | The tightness of a liquid's surface caused by the attraction between its molecules. It allows some insects to walk on water |
| Capillary action | The movement of a liquid through a narrow space or tube caused by adhesion and cohesion. It helps water move up a plant's roots and stems |
| Specific heat capacity | The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a certain amount. Water has a high specific heat capacity, so it changes temperature slowly |
| Expansion upon freezing | The property of water where it expands and takes up more space when it freezes into ice. This happens because hydrogen bonds arrange water molecules into an open structure |
| Universal solvent | A substance that can dissolve many different substances. Water is called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many polar and ionic substances |
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