Thinking is a difficult process to study because

is not necessarily reflected in behavior.

Heuristics apply to___, whereas algorithms apply to____.

many situations, one situation.

Deductive reasoning is generalizing from:

The general case to a specific situation.

Why do you study, according to a behaviorist?

Because you have been rewarded for studying in the past.

Concepts are helpful in that they

Reduce the amount that we need to think about.

Identifies relationships between concepts.

One problem encountered by people who study organization of concepts is that:

Thinking about things alters the organization.

Our capacity for thinking without language is best illustrated by

unconscious information processing.

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood.

Because Ken is 6' 6", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his school's basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of

the representativeness heuristic.

Jerome believes that his 4-year-old grandson is a hyperactive child because the boy's constant movement resembles Jerome's prototype of hyperactivity. Jerome's thinking best illustrates

the representativeness heuristic.

Andre became suspicious of his roommate when he could not find his wallet. Andre recalled that he had left his wallet his car, his doubt about his roommate remained as strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates

the belief perseverance phenomenon.

Which of the following might be an operational definition of gender?

The characteristics that are used to differentiate male from female.

You compare the individualism of people with two X chromosomes with that of people with an X and a Y chromosome by bringing them into the lab. You find that those with a Y chromosome are more likely to be individualist. What would the result look like?

The median individualist score would be higher for those with a Y chromosome than those who do not have one.

You find that those with a Y chromosome are more likely to be individualist. In other words,

There was a statistically significant difference between the groups.

Language refers to the

spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.

At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to

lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.

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psych chapter 9

Question	Answer
Thinking is a difficult process to study because	is not necessarily reflected in behavior.
How would you know if I am thinking right now?	There is easy way to tell.
Heuristics apply to___, whereas algorithms apply to____.	many situations, one situation.
Deductive reasoning is generalizing from:	The general case to a specific situation.
Why do you study, according to a behaviorist?	Because you have been rewarded for studying in the past.
Concepts are	categories of information
What is the prototypical dog?	laborador
Concepts are helpful in that they	Reduce the amount that we need to think about.
A proposition:	Identifies relationships between concepts.
One problem encountered by people who study organization of concepts is that:	Thinking about things alters the organization.
What you are thinking about reflects:	Genetics and experience.
The tendency on the part of some people to accept what they hear or read without question may reflect:	A confirmation bias.
What would measure thought, according to a materialist[monist]?	Any measure of brain activity.
What is not used to communicate?	Eyes.
The ability to use language reflects	Genes and experience
The language that one uses reflects	Experience.
Emotion-laden images of unusual but vivid cases of abducted children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of	the availability heuristic.
Introductory psychology students were more likely to achieve a good midterm exam grade if prior to the exam they repeatedly practiced visual imagery that involved	a process simulation.
Prototypes are especially important in the process of	classifying objects.
Our capacity for thinking without language is best illustrated by	unconscious information processing.
In suggesting that our ancestral history has prepared us to fear snakes, psychologists are emphasizing that what we fear is influenced by	genetic factors.
After a skydiving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other people's speech. It is likely that she suffered brain damage to	Wernicke's area.
On Monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it would not rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella at home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the effect of	framing.
The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that	people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood.
Judging the likelihood that things fall into a certain category on the basis of how well they seem to match a particular prototype refers to the use of the	representativeness heuristic.
When asked to indicate whether San Diego or San Antonio has more inhabitants, more German university students answered correctly than did American university students. This best illustrated the adaptive value of a(n)	heuristic
Because Ken is 6' 6", people often mistakenly assume that he must be a member of his school's basketball team. This mistaken judgment best illustrates the impact of	the representativeness heuristic.
People can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, depth, movement, and form. This best illustrates the function of multiple	neural networks.
People are less upset when they miss getting an early payment discount than when they are asked to bear a late payment surcharge. This best illustrates the importance of	framing
If a stranger looks like someone who previously harmed or threatened us in some way, we may—without consciously recalling the earlier experience—react warily. This illustrates that our reactions to others may be influenced by	intuition
Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics, insight does not involve	strategy-based solutions.
Jerome believes that his 4-year-old grandson is a hyperactive child because the boy's constant movement resembles Jerome's prototype of hyperactivity. Jerome's thinking best illustrates	the representativeness heuristic.
People are likely to take less time to recognize a woman as a nurse than a man as a nurse because a woman more closely resembles their nurse	prototype
Andre became suspicious of his roommate when he could not find his wallet. Andre recalled that he had left his wallet his car, his doubt about his roommate remained as strong as ever. Andre's irrational suspicion of his roommate best illustrates	the belief perseverance phenomenon.
Misinformation and imagination contribute to memory construction, which may then reduce the accuracy of:	Intuition.
Which of the following might be an operational definition of gender?	The characteristics that are used to differentiate male from female.
You compare the individualism of people with two X chromosomes with that of people with an X and a Y chromosome by bringing them into the lab. You find that those with a Y chromosome are more likely to be individualist. What would the result look like?	The median individualist score would be higher for those with a Y chromosome than those who do not have one.
You find that those with a Y chromosome are more likely to be individualist. In other words,	There was a statistically significant difference between the groups.
The controversy between Operant conditioning of language and Inborn Universal Grammar is an example of the:	Nature-nurture issue.
The differences between humans and nonhumans with respect to the brain areas used in language would be of most interest to which of the following psychological perspectives?	Evolutionary
You have developed a _____ of how to get from your home to the grocery store. This map, much to the chagrin of behaviorists, constitutes demonstration of _____.	Cognitive map, cognition.
If one accepts the notion that we are predisposed to use language, then language development is not explained by:	The law of effect.
In the PsychSim "My Head is Spinning', Shepard and Metzler found that the reaction time for solving mental rotation tasks ________ as the difference in orientation ________ from zero to 180 degrees.	increased; increased
Which of these activities is NOT an example of thinking with verbal concepts?	doing a jigsaw puzzle
A European visitor to the United States asked a taxi driver, “Can you please a ride to the airport me give?” This visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ________ of the English language.	syntax.
One group of Australian dolphins learned to use marine sponges to catch fish. This best illustrates their capacity to	transmit cultural innovations.
Raul and Sophia were having a picnic when it started to rain. They did not think of using their big plastic tablecloth as a temporary rain shelter and so were drenched within minutes. Their oversight best illustrates	functional fixedness.
Language refers to the	spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning.
At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to	lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.
The women's basketball team at the University of Tennessee improved in free-throw shooting after practicing	mental imagery.
Participants reviewed two research stories about the death penalty. Those who were for it became__favorable toward, and those against it became__favorable.	more; less.
Jacquelyn suffered symptoms so similar to those associated with pregnancy-induced morning sickness that she erroneously concluded that she was pregnant. Jacquelyn's conclusion best illustrates the influence of	the representative heuristic.
By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of	the availability heuristic.
Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.	babbling.
Imagining the experience of pain activates ________ that is(are) also active during actual pain.	neural networks.
Marlene forgot to bring a pillow on the camping trip, so she spent a very uncomfortable and restless night. Unfortunately, she never thought of using her down-filled jacket as a pillow. Marlene's oversight best illustrates	functional fixedness.
At 17 months of age, Julie says “wada” whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.	one-word.
If using a stick is successful in retrieving termites from a mound, chimpanzees improve their ability to use sticks for this purpose. This illustrates that the chimps' problem-solving strategy is shaped by	reinforcement.
Some bilingual people use different frontal lobe neural networks depending on whether they recount an event in their second language rather than their natural language. This occurs if they first learned their second language	after childhood.
Unlike explicit memories, implicit memories do not rely on:	Language.
Relearning may facilitate memory, in part because of its impact on:	Availability.
Sy has no interest in understanding the causes of aphasia, but wants to help people coping with the problem. This suggests that she is more interested in:	Application than basic research.
The differences between humans and nonhumans with respect to the brain areas used in language would be of most interest to which of the following psychological perspectives?	Neuroscience.
The role of Broca's and Wernicke's areas in speech would be most interesting to someone who is:	A neuroscientist.
Repetition (rehearsal) and relearning tend to facilitate memory, perhaps because of effects on	Availability.
In most people, a word flashed to the left visual field is first processed in the right hemisphere, then passes across the ________ to be identified by the left hemisphere.	corpus callosum.
Paul Broca's patient was unable to ________. The location of the patient's brain damage led Broca to think that language was processed in the ________ hemisphere of the brain.	speak; right.
When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word “arms” referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of	semantics.
Anika resisted changing her answer to a test question after reminding herself that “it's always best to stick with your first answer.” Anika's decision best illustrates the use of	a heuristic.
After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, infants could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language development.	statistical learning
Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words. Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain’s ________ lobe.	right temporal
Which of the following best accounts for people's greater fear of commercial air flights than of driving an automobile?	perceived control
The principles of learning emphasized by B. F. Skinner are most helpful in explaining why children	add new words to their vocabulary.
A $100 coat marked down from $150 can seem like a better deal than the same coat priced regularly at $100. This best illustrates the importance of	framing
When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald's. In this instance, McDonald's is a	prototype
Mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an older person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of	the representativeness heuristic.
Research on the language capabilities of apes indicates that they cannot	grammatically order language symbols as well as most 3-year-old children.
Kevin did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem-strategy best illustrates	trial and error.
Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for	underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.
It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of	belief perseverance.
Christmas is to holiday as ________ is to ________.	prototype; category
A mental set is a	tendency to approach a problem in a way that has been successful in the past.
The use of heuristics rather than algorithms is most likely to	save time in arriving at solutions to problems.
As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself “i before e except after c.” Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of	a heuristic.
Acoustic encoding is closely linked with:	Phonemes
Priming may facilitate memory, in part because of its impact on:	Availability
There is typically a high _____ between one's gender identity, gender role and gender type.	Correlation
In theory, mutations should increase the variability in people. This will result in a higher:	Range of behavior when looking at the level of an affected trait.
From the behaviorist perceptive, language development reflects the process of:	Operant conditioning.
Belief perseverance and spontaneous recovery both suggest that _____.	Recent experience may have little influence on behavior
Algorithms are a form of:	Generalization
Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother, who can correctly name the different shapes. This fact would most directly challenge	Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis.
After identifying an ethnically mixed face as Asian rather than as Caucasian, Belgian students recalled the face as more closely resembling their ________ of an Asian face.	prototype.
Many people underestimate the number of nonfatal heart attacks because they are not as memorable as fatal heart attacks. This illustrates the shortcoming of relying on	the availability heuristic.
Ojinska sold many more raffle tickets when she told potential buyers they had a 10 percent chance of winning a prize than when she told them they had a 90 percent chance of not winning. This best illustrates	the framing effect.
After suffering a head injury in a biking accident, Louis lost his ability to read, even though he could see well, speak fluently, and understand what others said. His brain was most likely damaged in	the angular gyrus.
Bilingual and bicultural Mexicans and Americans described themselves as ________ extraverted and ________ conscientious when using English rather than Spanish.	more; more.
People are__likely to detect prejudice against females than males. They are__likely to detect prejudice against older people.	more; more.
Eva had difficulty recognizing that a sea horse was a fish because it did not closely resemble her fish	prototype.
It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates	linguistic determinism.
Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates	belief perserverance.
Scientists are trained to carefully observe and record any research outcomes that are inconsistent with their hypotheses. This practice most directly serves to reduce	confirmation bias.
Smokers with a greater fear of flying than of smoking's toxicity best illustrate that we often have a greater fear of risks that are	immediate.
From the behaviorist perspective, language development reflects the effects of:	Associative learning.
A study finds that the range of differences in height between fraternal twins is much larger than that range for identical twins. This would be indicated by:	the standard deviation.
A humanist would be uninterested in the question:	Do animals exhibit language?
In the process of classifying objects, people are especially likely to make use of	prototypes.
The value of making a good first impression when you begin work for a new employer is best underscored by the research on	belief perseverance.
In English, adjectives precede nouns. This is a rule of syntax, which is the	orderly arrangement of words into grammatically sensible sentences.
The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a university professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of	the representativeness heuristic.
Most people take less time to identify a cow as a mammal than a mouse as a mammal because a cow more closely resembles their mammal	prototype.
The risks of smoking are more alarming when presented in terms of the number of smokers with lung cancer than the percentage of smokers with lung cancer. This illustrates the importance of	framing.
As he attempted to spell the word receive, Tim reminded himself “i before e except after c.” Tim's self-reminder best illustrates the use of	a heuristic.
At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development.	one-word.
Children begin to demonstrate that they know how to put words in a sensible order during the ________ stage.	two-word.
Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for mastering language.	a critical period.
Semantic encoding is closely linked with.	morphemes.
Chunking is a form of:	framing.
A heritability estimate is most akin to;	a correlation coefficient.
A behaviorist would not be interested in the difference between:	mental set and functional fixedness.
Generalization is likely to lead to the development of:	a heuristic.
In the video 'Animal Language', Roger and Debbie Fouts, using video recording techniques, have discovered that chimpanzees	spontaneously use sign language to communicate with other members of their own species.
Babies' first demonstration of productive language occurs	during the one-word stage.
A football quarterback simultaneously calculates receiver distances, player movements, and weather conditions. This best illustrates the activity of multiple	neural networks.
Suddenly understanding the double meaning of a humorous pun best illustrates	insight.
After suffering a stroke that damaged his angular gyrus, Mr. Chang is likely to experience the greatest difficulty	reading.
When given a candle, tacks, and a box of matches and asked to mount the candle on a wall, people often fail to think of using the matchbox as a candleholder. This best illustrates	functional fixedness.
Jahmal takes his female cousin's car accidents as evidence that women are worse driver than men. He overlooks that he and his sons have had more accidents than his wife and daughters. This shows:	confirmation bias.
Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality. Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of	confirmation bias.
Proactive and retroactive interference reduce:	Availability.
When communicating with others, congenitally blind people	use gestures regardless of whether they believe their listener is blind or sighted.
Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________.	rose; flower.
In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on	heuristics.
After she suffered a stroke, Mrs. Jacobitz had so much difficulty speaking that she had to communicate by writing. This suggests that her brain damage occurred in	Broca's area.
Under the “opt-out” rather than “opt-in” system, enrollments in 401(k) plans soared. This best illustrates the impact of	framing.
Psychologists are most likely to question whether chimps have the capacity to	use complex grammar.
Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.	semantics; syntax.
Semantics refers to the	rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences.
An image of a starving child had a greater impact on Mr. White than a chart about the problem. This illustrates:	the availability heuristic.
After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty	speaking fluently.
Framing refers to	the way in which a problem or issue is phrased or worded.
If you learn a second language in adolescence or later, the brain processes that language in a separate region of Broca's area than the one where your original language is processed. This was demonstrated by	functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Business managers are often overly confident of their own hiring ability because they are more likely to monitor the successes of people they hired than the achievements of those they rejected. This illustrates that overconfidence may be facilitated by	confirmation bias.
When 3-year-old Rosalie complained, “Boris hitted me with a ball,” she was illustrating the tendency of young children to	overgeneralize certain grammatical rules in sentence construction.
People told not to gesture put ________ effort into communicating with words alone, and are ________ able to remember recently learned words.	more; less
Weather forecasters typically avoid overconfidence when making weather predictions because they	promptly receive clear feedback for their accuracy.
In Wolfgang Köhler's experiment, the chimpanzee Sultan retrieved a long stick with a short stick to retrieve a piece of fruit. Sultan was able to reach the fruit as a result of	insight.
Brainstorming sessions that encourage people to spontaneously suggest new and unusual solutions to a problem are designed to avoid	fixations.
The English language has ________ letters than phonemes, and the consonant phonemes generally carry ________ information than the vowel phonemes.	fewer; more.
After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in	understanding what others are saying.
A study compares identical twins with fraternal twins to determine the heritability of body weight. What is the independent variable in this study?	type of twin.
Mental set would not interest:	a behaviorist.
Spacing out ones study improves memory, despite its effect on:	availability.
Experienced chicken sexers can tell you a chick's sex at a glance, yet cannot tell you how they do it. Their acquired expertise is such an automatic habit that it feels like	intuition.
If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this would best illustrate	linguistic determinism.
In the words “lightly,” “neatly,” and “shortly,” the “ly” ending is a(n)	morpheme.
Having learned the rule that a triangle has three sides, we thereafter classify all three-sided geometric forms as triangles. This best illustrates the role of ______ in concept formation.	definitions.
Left hemisphere damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to contribute to	aphasia.
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a “t” and an “n” produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different	phonemes.
A study compares identical twins with fraternal twins to determine the heritability of body weight. What is the dependent variable in this study?	body weight.
After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira's experience best illustrates	insight.
A single, memorable case of welfare fraud can have a greater impact on people's estimates of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the	availability heuristic.
Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth, those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to	comprehend the grammar subtleties of sign language.
Which of the following was cited by Whorf as evidence in support of the linguistic determinism hypothesis?	The Hopi cannot readily think about the past because their language has no past tense for verbs.
The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to	match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds.
Charlie got away with copying his test answers. Charlie now spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Charlie's strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of	a mental set.
Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks. Which specialty area does his research best represent?	cognitive psychology
It is difficult to explain language acquisition solely in terms of imitation and reinforcement because children	generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before.
The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown seven nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of	language on thinking.
When we use the word automobile to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)	concept
Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty	syntax.
The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to	judge the likelihood of category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype.
The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as	Broca's area.
You compare people with two X chromosomes people with an X and a Y chromosome. With a survey you find that those with a Y chromosome are more likely to be individualist. What type of research have you done?	An experiment
People have studied the various brain areas associated with speech in an effort to help people overcome aphasia. These studies are examples of:	applied research.
That other species do not learn language as effectively and efficiently as humans argues against the ____ explanation of language development.	operant conditioning.
People more easily detect male prejudice against women than female prejudice against men because the former more closely resembles their prejudice	prototype
Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for	productive language.
Assuming that someone who is neat, quiet, and enjoys reading is one of the librarians in a group illustrates:	the representative heuristic.
After learning that her two best friends had lost their jobs, Mariah began to grossly overestimate the national unemployment rate. Mariah's reaction best illustrates the consequences of	the availability heuristic
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)	morpheme.
students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three-number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they were convinced of the wrong rule. Their errors best illustrated the impact of	confirmation bias.
State lottery officials send residents a facsimile of a contest-winning check for over $5 million to encourage them to imagine themselves as possible winners. The lottery promoters are most clearly exploiting the influence of	the availability heuristic.
According to Chomsky, the fact that young children generate all sorts of sentences they have never heard before suggests that	language skills are not developed simply through the processes of imitation and reinforcement.
A mental set is most likely to inhibit	creativity.
Damage to different cortical areas results in different forms of aphasia. This best illustrates that language processing involves multiple	neural networks.
The word “cats” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).	4; 2.
The problem-solving abilities of forest-dwelling chimpanzees are best illustrated by their naturally developed use of	tools.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of	an algorithm.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)	morpheme.
Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of	an algorithm.
When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)	concept.
Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to	appear credible to their customers.
Leland's language does not distinguish between “family love” and “romantic love,” so he has difficulty realizing that he deeply loves his sister. Which of the following is most relevant to Leland's difficulty?	linguistic determinism.
When Fred pronounced the words “this” and “that,” he noticed that they share a common	phoneme.
Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe.	temporal.
People have studied the various brain areas associated with speech in an effort to help people overcome aphasia. These studies are examples of:	applied research.
Research findings suggest that the best advice to give people who want to avoid belief perseverance is	Consider the opposite.
The word “cats” contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).	4; 2.
The problem-solving abilities of forest-dwelling chimpanzees are best illustrated by their naturally developed use of	tools.
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of	an algorithm.
In the words “helped” and “called,” the “ed” ending is a(n)	morpheme.
Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of	an algorithm.
When we use the term Hispanic to refer to a category of people, we are using this word as a(n)	concept.
Stockbrokers who market their services with confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to	appear credible to their customers.
Leland's language does not distinguish between “family love” and “romantic love,” so he has difficulty realizing that he deeply loves his sister. Which of the following is most relevant to Leland's difficulty?	linguistic determinism.
When Fred pronounced the words “this” and “that,” he noticed that they share a common	phoneme.
Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe.	temporal.
People have studied the various brain areas associated with speech in an effort to help people overcome aphasia. These studies are examples of:	applied research.
Research findings suggest that the best advice to give people who want to avoid belief perseverance is	Consider the opposite.

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