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Cells
Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Modern cell theory | -the cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms -all living things are made of one or more cells (unicellular or multicellular) -all cells come from other pre-exsisting cells |
| two types of cells & their similarities | -prokaryotes -Eukaryotes BOTH: carry genetic material, have cytoplasm, both have ribosomes (small organelles that make proteins), both have a cell membrane (controls what goes in and out of the cell) |
| prokaryotes | bacteria & archae -they have no nucleus (which holds genetic material & controls the cell's activities) -no membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, golgiapparatus) |
| Eukaryotes | plants, animals, fungi, protists -they have membrane-bound organelles |
| Cell membrane | -AKA plasma membrane -selectively permeable (only lets certain select materials in and out) -present in both types -keeps cell stable (keeping homeostasis) |
| Cytoplasm | -jelly-like material -surrounds all these internal cell structures -inside both prokaryotes & Eukaryotes |
| cytoskeleton | -collection of fibers that provide support for the cell & its organelles -in both types -plays a major role in cell movement -organization varies depending on type of cell |
| Ribosomes | -not membrane-bound (in both types) -makes protein (that's what DNA codes for) -can be free in the cytoplasm or be attached to another organelle |
| nucleus | -only in the Eukaryotes -holds genetic material such as DNA (both types have DNA) -controls cell's activities -nucleolus inside (where ribosomes are produced) |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | -only in Eukaryotes -attached to the membrane of the nucleus -processes mcs for the cell (like protein folding) -transports mcs around, mcs that leave ER are sent away in vesicles (small sacks that pinch off the ER themselves) |
| two types of ER | -Rough ER (protein producing & transporting) = ribosomes attached to it -smooth ER (detoxification = abundant in liver cells, makes some lipids ) = no ribosomes |
| Golgi apparatus | receives items from transport vesicles -has enzymes that modify & sort the mcs it receives -determines where to send mcs (some sent to membrane to be secreted - sent out of cell) -Eukaryote |
| mitochondria | -makes ATP energy in cellular respiration -runs on glucose -needs the presence of oxygen -only Eukaryote |
| unique to plant cells | 1. chloroplasts - make glucose using light energy in photosynthesis -green pigment that captured light energy & reflects green light 2. cell wall - additional protection & shape maintenance |
| Vacuoles | -storage of materials -plant cells have 1 large one (central vacuole) & animal cells have smaller, several ones -Eukaryote cells |
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Blessed Rectangle 11