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Bio 103
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell Signaling | the process by which a cell receives, processes, and transmits messages from itself, other cells, or its environment |
| Intercellular Joining | specialized contact points between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells that allow them to stick together, form functional tissues, and coordinate activities |
| Lysosome | special vesicles that are filled with digestive enzymes; digests food molecules and rids the cell of non-functioning organelles |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell, protects DNA |
| What do lysosomes eat up? | bacteria |
| Chromatin | loosely spread out DNA bound to proteins |
| Chromosomes | tightly coiled chromatin- forms during cell division |
| Nucleolus | builds rRNA- building block molecules for ribosomes |
| Organelles | Small, organ-like structures that perform cellular work |
| Ribosomes | small, numerous: assemble proteins by linking together amino acids using instructions from the nucleus |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | complicated system of canals and membranes that is used for molecule synthesis and molecule modification |
| Rough ER | contains ribosomes- modifies proteins by attaching small proteins together and attaching carbohydrates |
| Smooth ER | synthesizes lipids; hormones, cell membrane components; detoxifies the cell |
| Golgi Apparatus | modifies, packages, and distributes cellular molecules |
| Peroxisomes | similar function to lysosomes; break harmful chemicals into peroxides then to water/ also common in cells that build or break lipids |
| Chloroplasts | photosynthetic organelles- plants and algae |
| Mitochondria | energy releasing organelle; site of cellular respiration (powerhouse of the cell) |
| Cytoskeleton | Proteins structures that give a cell its shape |
| Centriole | used in animal cells to anchor spindle fibers |
| Cilia | makes water around the cell |
| Flagella | moves the cell |
| Plasma Membrane | the phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, lets hydrophobic molecules pass through freely |
| Diffusion | high concentration to low concentration, size, hydrophobic |
| Cell membrane | controls what goes in and out of your cells |
| When the concentration outside and inside of the membrane is the same, will it stop | No, Isotonic |
| Which one is when there is too much water and might explode? | Hypotonic |
| Which one is normal cell? | Isotonic |
| Which one is not enough water? | Hypertonic |
| Prokaryote | include bacteria, smaller, lack membrane bound organelles, lack a nucleus |
| Selectively Permeable | Some things pass more freely than others |
| Eukaryote | larger, nucleus, membrane bound organelles, include plants and fungi |
| Exocytosis | secretes substances outside of the cell |
| Endocytosis | takes material into the cell |
| Transport | the movement of molecules across a membrane against a concentration gradient |
Created by:
kenzcotton