Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bone Terms
bone terms in no specific order
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vertebral spinal column | series of vertebrae with five regions |
| what are the five regions of the spinal column | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| how many vertebrae does the cervical region of the spine have | seven |
| how many vertebrae does the thoracic region of the spine have (in dogs) | thirteen |
| how many vertebrae does the lumbar region of the spine have (in dogs) | seven |
| how many vertebrae does the sacral region of the spine have (in dogs) | three |
| how many vertebrae does the coccygeal region of the spine have (in dogs) | 20-25 |
| centrum | large base or 'body' of the vertebra |
| the arch | dorsal part of the vertebra over the spinal cord |
| vertebral foramen (canal) | the 'hole' that contains the spinal cord |
| spinous process | the dorsal 'fin' of the vertebra (points caudally in the thoracic vertebrae and cranially in the lumbar vertebrae) |
| transverse process | the 'wings' of the vertebrae; point laterally on both sides of the vertebral body |
| sagittal plane | the plane that runs through the length of the body, divides from right to left |
| median/midsagittal plane | plane runs through length of the body dividing left and right equally |
| transverse plane | plane ruins across body, dividing cranial and caudal |
| transverse plane (regarding appendage) | perpendicular transaction of appendage |
| dorsal plane | plane at right angle to sagittal and transverse planes, divides dorsal and ventral |
| dorsal | towards backbone, and top/front surface limb distal to carpus and tarsus |
| ventral | towards belly |
| proximal | towards body (regarding extremity) |
| distal | away from body (regarding extremity) |
| caudal | towards tail |
| cranial | towards head |
| rostral | reserved for head, towards nose |
| medial | towards median plane |
| lateral | away from median plane |
| lingual | towards tongue |
| labial | towards lips |
| buccal | towards cheek |
| palatal | towards the palate |
| superficial (think 'superficial wound') | external |
| deep (think 'deep wound') | internal |
| right and left always refer to | the animal's right and left |
| Radiographs: dog is laying on their back in: | ventro-dorsal view (VD) |
| Radiographs: dog is laying on their belly in: | dorso-ventral view (DV) |
| Radiographs: dog is laying on their right side in: | right lateral view |
| radiographs: dog is laying on their left side in: | left lateral view |
| what region are the forelimb and armpit referred to as | the Axillary region |
| what region are the hindlimb and groin referred to as | the Inguinal region |
| the bottom surface of the forelimb digits are referred to as | the palmar region |
| the bottom surface of the hindlimb digits are referred to as | the plantar region |
| the 'wrist' is referred to as | the carpus |
| the ankle/hock is referred to as | the tarsus |
| the knee and joint of femur and tibia are referred to as | the stifle |
| the forelimb and radius and ulna are referred to as | the antebrachium |
| the forelimb, and between the digits and carpus are referred to as | metacarpal |
| the hindlimb, and between the digits and tarsus are referred to as | metatarsal |
| what do the terms "os" and "osteo-" always mean | bones |
| articular surfaces | rounded articular surface (condyles) |
| head | bony expansion carried on the neck |
| facet | nearly flat articular surface |
| tubercle | small rounded projection |
| tuberosity | large rounded projection |
| trochanter | large, blunt, and irregularly shaped (femur) |
| trochlea | pulley shaped structure |
| processes | projection or growth (spine) |
| crest | narrow ridge of bone |
| epicondyle | rough, raised area above condyle |
| foramen | hole or opening |
| fossa | depression in bone |
| sinus | cavity within a bone |
| meatus | canal-like passageway |
| fibrous joint | immovable and jagged; sutures on the skull |
| cartilaginous joint | made of cartilage, slightly movable |
| synovial joint | united by synovial joint capsule, movable |
| long bones | longer than they are wide |
| short bones | usually cubed; i.e. carpal bones |
| flat bones | thin and flat; i.e. scapula |
| irregular bones | sesamoid, within a tendon or muscle; i.e. patella and vertebrae |
| cancellous bone | light and spongy, spicules in bone |
| compact bone | heavy and dense, tightly compacted and weight bearing |
| periosteum | membrane covers the outer surfaces of bones |
| diaphyses | shaft of bone |
| metaphases | transition between diaphysis and epiphyses |
| epiphyses | growth plates |
| articular surfaces are covered in | hyaline cartilage |
| medullary cavity | inner portion of bone, houses the marrow |
| how many bones does the skull have | 37-38 separate bones |
| short, broad skull | brachycephalic |
| mesocephalic | 'normal' skull |
| dolichocephalic | long, narrow skull |
| cranium | houses the brain |
| external facial bones | landmark bones |
| internal bones | hidden bones |
| occipital bone | forms base of skull, 'foramen magnum', spinal cord exits skull, has two condyles |
| interparietal bones | located along dorsal midline, only found in young animals because is fuses later in life |
| parietal bones | paired bones, form dorsolateral walls of cranium |
| frontal bones | paired, forms roof of cranium with parietal, forms rostral aspect of cranium , paranasal sinus contained within frontal bone |
| what developed on the frontal bones for breeds of cattle? | horn cores |
| temporal bones | paired structures, form lateral walls of cranium |
| what to the temporal bones contain | middle and inner ear structures |
| what do the temporal bones articulate with | the mandible |
| tympanic bulla | houses tympanic cavity, and external acoustic meatus |
| what do the temporal bones form | zygomatic arch with the zygomatic bone |
| Sphenoid | internal floor of cranial vault, resembles butterfly or flying bat |
| what does the sphenoid form | the bottom of cranium |
| what foramen does the sphenoid contain | foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, orbital fissure |
| ethmoid bone | unpaired, rostral to sphenoid bone, and contains cribriform plate |
| the ethmoid bone also contains the ethmoturbinates which are___ | separated by a perpendicular plate |
| Ossicles | three bones of the ear |
| what is the correct term for the hammer of the ear | the Malleus |
| what is the correct term for the anvil of the ear | the Incus |
| what is the correct term for the stirrup of the ear | the stapes |
| where do the ossicles reside? | in the tympanic cavity of the temporal bone, and transmit vibrations |
| Incisive/Premaxilla | houses upper incisors anterior palatine foramen, and palatine fissure |
| in what group of organisms does the incisive not house the incisors | ruminants |
| Nasal | paired, forms dorsal wall of the nasal cavity |
| maxilla/maxillary | paired, forming the palatine process |
| what is the palatine process | the process that forms the palate with the pre maxilla and palatine |
| what does the maxilla house | the infraorbital foramen, site for nerve blocks during dentals |
| lacrimal bone | paired, forms anteriomedial portion of orbit |
| what is the nasolacrimal canal that the lacrimal houses | allows for passage of lacrimal duct |
| zygomatic bone | paired, forms lateral boundary orbit |
| what does the zygomatic bone join with | the zygomatic processes of temporal bones to form zygomatic arch |
| mandible | paired, lower jaw bone |
| how is the mandible united | symphysis |
| in which organisms is the mandible unpaired, and fused instead? | horses and swine (and humans) |
| what joint does the mandible form? | the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) |
| what is the large caudal portion of the mandible called | the ramus; the site of muscle attachment |
| what processes articulate with the temporal bone | condyloid and coronoid processe |
| what foramen does the mandible house | the mental foramen and the mandibular foramen (the last being used as a dental nerve block) |
| vomer | unpaired, internal bone, located in the midline of the skull |
| what does the vomer complete | the ventral portion of the nasal septum |
| Pterygoid | paired, internal bone |
| where is the Pterygoid bones found | just off the midline of the skull |
| what does the pterygoid support | part of the lateral walls of the pharynx |
| hyoid bone/apparatus | single u-shaped bone, with several portions united by cartilage |
| what does the hyoid bone support? | base of tongue, pharynx, larynx (aids in swallowing) |
| flat bones | what kind of bones are ribs? |
| ribs from the lateral walls of___ | the thorax |
| the number of pairs of ribs is equal to the number of___ | thoracic vertebrae |
| the ____ heads articulate with thoracic vertebrae | dorsal |
| true ribs attach individually to the sternum | why are true ribs called "true"? |
| ribs that attach to the sternum via costal cartilage | what are 'false' ribs? |
| the final pair of ribs actually have no sternal attachment! | what are floating ribs? |
| costal cartilage | what is at the ventral end of floating ribs? |
| the area where cartilage meets bony rib | what is a costochondral junction? |
| the sternum is composed of sternebrae (individual 'chunks' connected into one sternum) | what is the sternum composed of? |
| cranial portion of the sternum | what portion is the manubrium? |
| the caudal portion the sternum, this is a palpable, cartilaginous portion that forms the floor of the thorax | what is the xiphoid process? |
| four paired bones | how many paired bones is the pelvis comprised of? |
| the ilium, ischium, pubis, and the acetabular bone. | what are the names of the four paired bones the pelvis is comprised of? |
| the hip joint | what joint articulates with the acetabulum? |
| the acetabulum | what is the site of attachment of the femoral head? |
| the ilium | what is the most cranial bone on the pelvis? |
| like a butterfly | what is the ilium shaped like? |
| tuber coxae | what is the wing of the ilium called? |
| Medially | how does the ilium articulates with the sacrum? |
| the ischium | what is the most caudal bone on the pelvis? |
| obturator foramen | the ischium is caudal to the___ |
| a thick caudal protuberance | what does the ischium have at the end of it? |
| Ischial tuberosity | what is the protuberance of the ischium called? |
| the caudal aspect | what aspect does the ischial tuberosity form? |
| cranioventral | what portion of the pelvic bone is the pubis located in? |
| in the cranial margin | where is the pubis located in relation to the obturator foramen? |
| the cranioventral aspect of the acetabulum | where is the pubis located in relation to the acetabulum? |
| in the center on the acetabulum | where is the acetabular bone located? |
| it fuses and leaves no visible remnants | what happens to the acetabular bone in early life? |
| paired obturator foramen | what are the large 'holes' in the pelvis called? |
| on the floor of the pelvis, relatively close to each other | where are the obturator foramen located? |
| they reduce the weight of the pelvis | how do the obturator foramen serve a purpose? |
| the pubic symphysis | what is the line between the obturator foramen called? |
| the joining of the right and left halves of the pelvis | what is the pubic symphasis? |
| the ischiatic and pubic bones | what bones form the pubic symphysis? |
Created by:
emoore16