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Neuro SG 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Broca's area | @left frontal lobe. responsible for speech/language production. damage leads to motor aphasia. |
| wernickes area | l@left temporal lobe. responsible for language comprehension. |
| central nervous system | brain and sc |
| foramen magnum | largest hole in the skull for spinal cord |
| grey matter | @brain, on the cortex, @sc, internal. f= processes information |
| white matter | @brain, beneath the cortex, @sc, superficial. f=transmits signals |
| ventricular system | 4 ventricles, f= circulating cerebrospinal fluid |
| cerebrospinal fluid | provides nutrients and protection |
| meninges | 3 layers, covers all of the brain and spinal cord. |
| cranium | bony encasing of the skull |
| vertebral column | bony encasing for the spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | brainstem and sc, extends to the body. |
| # of cranial nerves | 12 |
| # of spinal nerves | 31 |
| What is the PNS broken down into? | somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system |
| how does the autonomic nervous system break down? | sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system |
| somatic nervous system | innervates skeletal muscles |
| autonomic nervous system | controls unconscious body functions |
| sympathetic nervous system | prepares the body for emergencies...fight/flight/freeze |
| parasympathetic nervous system | returns the body to homeotasis. restores the body to baseline levels after crisis. |
| left hemisphere function | language, logic, sequential processing, mathematics, details, analytical thinking |
| right hemisphere function | spatial skills, creativity, holistic processing, music/art, big picture, intuition |
| cortical layer III | important for cortex to cortex connections |
| cortical layer IV | thalamus to cortex connections |
| cytoarchitecture | based on cellular organization |
| brodmans areas | numbered map of the brain based on cytoarchitecture. |
| somatotopy | brain regions are arranged in relation to specific parts of the body |
| homunculus | map showing the bodies REPRESENTATION in the cortex. |
| tonotopically | organization in relation to the pitch of a sound |
| retinotopy | organization based on where an image hits the retina |
| superior | towards the top |
| inferior | towards the bottom |
| superficial | toward the surface |
| deep | towards the inside |
| lateral | towards the side |
| medial | towards the middle |
| proximal | towards the point of attachment |
| distal | away from the point of attachment |
| dorsal | brain- top of head. body- toward the backbone |
| ventral | brain-bottom of head. body- towards the belly |
| rostral | towards the nose |
| caudal | towards the tail |
| central | towards the center |
| peripheral | away from the center |
| afferent | inward, towards CNS |
| efferent | outwardly, away from the CNS |
| ipsi- | same side |
| contra- | opposite sides |
| neurons | specialized brain cells that send signals to create all of our experiences |
| glial cells | support cells that provide structure, protection, and waste management. |
| soma | cell body |
| dendrites | cell recievers |
| axon | sender |
| synapse | point of communication between axons |
| sagittal sulcus (longitudinal fissure) | separates right and left hemispheres |
| central sulcus | separates frontal and parietal lobes |
| pre central gyrus | anterior to central sulcus |
| post central gyrus | posterior to central sulcus |
| Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus) | separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes |
| insula | cortex deep in the Sylvia fissure |
Created by:
avaholub