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BDK Quiz 2

MUSCULOSKELETAL and ENDOCRINE 1

Pharmacologic Category Generic Name Brand NameClassification Common Indications Essential Knowledge
Alpha2 agonist tizanidine (PO) Zanaflex Spasticity Key Side Effects: drowsiness, hypotension, dizziness, xerostomia, weakness
Aminoquinolone hydroxychloroquine (PO) Plaquenil RA, SLE, malaria Key Side Effects: retinal toxicity, rash, diarrhea Other Notes: long-term use has been associated with cardiomyopathy, bone marrow suppression, QT prolongation, and neuromuscular effects (i.e., myopathy, palsies, and progressive weakness)
NSAID diclofenac (topical) Voltaren Gel OTC OA Key Side Effects: pruritus, rash
NSAID diclofenac (PO) Voltaren OA, RA, acute pain Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID ibuprofen (PO) Motrin, Advil OTC OA, RA, acute pain Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID meloxicam (PO) Mobic OA, RA, acute pain Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID indomethacin (PO Indocin OA, RA, acute pain, gout Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID naproxen (PO) Naprosyn, Anaprox, Aleve OTC OA, RA, acute pain, gout Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID ketorolac (PO, IV) Toradol Pain Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
NSAID, COX-2 selective celecoxib (PO) Celebrex OA, RA, acute pain Key Side Effects: diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea US Boxed Warnings: may increase the risk of serious (and potentially fatal) cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke; may increase the risk for serious (and potentially fatal) gastrointestinal adverse events including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation US Boxed Warning (only for ketorolac): indicated for short term use (≤ 5 days) Other Notes: may reduce renal blood flow and compromise existing renal function (avoid i
Skeletal muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine (PO) Flexeril, Amrix, Fexmid Muscle spasm Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, fatigue Other Notes: use may cause prolonged cardiac arrhythmias, and tachycardia; CI within 14 days of MAOI therapy
Skeletal muscle relaxant baclofen (PO) --- Spasticity Key Side Effects: drowsiness
Skeletal muscle relaxant methocarbamol (PO) Robaxin Muscle spasm Key Side Effects: drowsiness
Transdermal: topical analgesic IV: antiarrhythmic lidocaine (transdermal, IV) Transdermal: Lidoderm, IV: Xylocaine Transdermal: OTC Transdermal: pain, IV: ventricular arrhythmias Key Side Effects (transdermal): dermatitis, erythema, urticaria, skin depigmentation, skin edema Key Side Effects (IV): bradycardia Other Notes: patch may remain in place for up to 12 hours in any 24-hour period, patch may be cut
Antigout agent colchicine (PO) Colcrys Gout Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, myopathy (including rhabdomyolysis)
Xanthine oxidase Inhibitor allopurinol (PO) Zyloprim Gout Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, rash, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia Other Notes: rare association with severe (and potentially fatal) allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (risk highest in certain Asian populations)
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine (IV) Anectine Neuromuscular blockade for intubation or procedures Key Side Effects: hyperkalemia, myalgia, malignant hyperthermia (rare) US Boxed Warning: acute rhabdomyolysis and hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrest and death in pediatric patients with undiagnosed skeletal muscle disease
Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor etanercept (SQ) Enbrel RA Key Side Effects: infection, injection site reaction, headache, nausea US Boxed Warning: serious infections, malignancies such as lymphoma
Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor adalimumab (SQ) Humira RA, Crohn’s Disease, Ulcerative Colitis Key Side Effects: infection, injection site reaction, headache, nausea US Boxed Warning: serious infections, malignancies such as lymphoma
Biguanide metformin (PO) Fortamet, Glumetza, Riomet Type 2 DM, PCOS Key Side Effects: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, Vitamin B12 deficiency Other Notes: CI with eGFR <30; US Boxed Warnings: lactic acidosis
Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin (PO) Januvia, Zituvio Type 2 DM Key Side Effects: nasopharyngitis
Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor 2 (SGLT2 inhibitor) empagliflozin (PO) Jardiance Type 2 DM, HF, CKD Key Side Effects: genital mycotic infections, UTI
Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor 2 (SGLT2 inhibitor) dapagliflozin (PO) Farxiga Type 2 DM, HF, CKD Key Side Effects: genital mycotic infections, UTI
Sulfonylurea glimepiride (PO) Amaryl Type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Sulfonylurea glipizide (PO) Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL Type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone (PO) Actos Type 2 DM Key Side Effects: peripheral edema, weight gain, upper respiratory tract infection; increased risk of fractures and bladder cancer US Boxed Warnings: may exacerbate congestive heart failure and CI in NYHA Class III and IV
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist dulaglutide (SQ) Trulicity Type 2 DM Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pancreatitis US Boxed Warning: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor, CI in personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer and in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide (SQ) Victoza, Saxenda Type 2 DM, chronic weight management Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, pancreatitis US Boxed Warning: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor, CI in personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer and in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide (PO, SQ) SQ: Ozempic, Wegovy PO: Rybelsus, Wegovy Type 2 DM, chronic weight management Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, pancreatitis US Boxed Warning: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor, CI in personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer and in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
Dual GLP-1 and glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonist tirzepatide (SQ) Mounjaro, Zepbound Type 2 DM, chronic weight management Key Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, increased heart rate, pancreatitis US Boxed Warning: may increase risk of thyroid c-cell tumor, CI in personal or family history of medullary thyroid cancer and in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2
Insulin, long acting insulin glargine (SQ) Lantus, Toujeo, Basaglar Type 1 DM, type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Insulin, intermediate acting insulin NPH (SQ) Humulin N, Novolin N OTC Type 1 DM, type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Insulin, rapid acting insulin aspart (SQ) Novolog, Fiasp Type 1 DM, type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Insulin, rapid acting insulin lispro (SQ) Humalog, Admelog, Lyumjev Type 1 DM, type 2 DM Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Insulin, short-acting insulin regular (SQ, IV) Humulin R, Novolin R SQ: OTC Type 1 DM, type 2 DM, DKA Key Side Effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain
Created by: Marquez35
 

 



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