Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cat Class Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did the evolution of felidae family begin | 35 million years ago |
| Where was the first ancestor of all living cats traced back to | Southeast Asia |
| What was the name of the first cat ancestor | Nimravids |
| What was the last common ancestor of modern felids | Pseudaelurus |
| When was Pseudaelurus living | 11 million YA |
| Where was pseudaelurus living | Asia |
| When did the first branch of felids branch off from Pseudaelurus | 10.8 million YA |
| How many lineages and species of cats are there | 8 lineages, 41 species |
| What cats are in the panthera family | lion, tiger, jaguar, leopard, snow leopard, clouded leopards |
| Why can panthera roar | ossified bone in throat called Hyoid |
| What was the oldest big cat fossil found and when was it from | Snow leopard from tibet 6-4 MYA |
| What cats are in the bay cat family | Asian golden cat Bornean Bay Cat Marbled cat |
| Where are bay cats found | forested areas in SE Asia |
| What cats are in the caracal family | Caracal Serval African Golden Cat |
| Where are Caracal cats found | Africa |
| What cats are in the ocelot family | Geoffroy's cat, kodkod, Tigrina (S and N), Andean Mountain Cat, Pampas cat, Margay, Ocelot |
| Where are ocelot cats found | Central and South America |
| How many chromosomes does the ocelot have compared to other felids | 36 vs 38 |
| What cats in the Lynx family | Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, Canada lynx, Bobcat |
| Where are the Lynx cats found | North America and Eurasia |
| How are Lynx cats different from other families | Short tails and pointed ears |
| What cats are in the Puma family | Puma Jaguarundi Cheetah |
| Where are the Puma cats found | Started in North America and now throughout all continents |
| What cats are in the Asian Leopard Cat family | Mainland Leopard Cat Sunda Leopard Cat Rusty-Spotted Cat Pallas's Cat Fishing Cat Flat-headed Cat |
| Where are the Asian Leopard Cats found | Asia |
| What cats are in the Domestic Cat family | African Wildcat European Wildcat Sand Cat Chinese Mountain Cat Black-footed Cat Jungle Cat |
| Where the the domestic cat family found | Africa and Eurasia |
| When did domestication begin | Neolithic Period |
| Wildcat in Near East first domesicated _____-_____ YA | 8,000-10,000 YA |
| When were bones in Cyprus found | 9,500 YA |
| When was the Ivory cat statuette found in Israel | 3,700 YA |
| When was the "cat under the chair" artwork found in Egypt | 3,600 YA |
| When did cats become the "official deity" known as Bastet | 2,900 YA |
| When were felid remains found in China | 5,300 YA |
| Which subspecies of Felis silvestris is the only one to become fully domesticated | lybica |
| When were cat remains found in Germany/Europe | 2,000 YA |
| Where and when were most modern breeds developed | 1800's in the British Isles |
| What happened between 1350-1767 | "cat book poems" in Thailand |
| When did the first cat show occur | 1871 |
| Where was the first cat show | Crystal Palace in London |
| When was the first cloned kitten "cc" born | 2001 |
| Where was "cc" born at | Texas A&M |
| When did scientists first sequence the entire genome of a cat named cinnamon | 2007 |
| What species of cat was cinnamon | Abyssinian |
| What can scientists do now that the entire genome of a cat has been sequenced | ID mutations that produce traits like: Tabby patterning, Black/white/orange coloring, Long hair and more |
| How many domestic cats are found worldwide | roughly 600 million |
| Information Flow during Transcription/translation | DNA>RNA>Protein |
| 3 types of genetic tests | Cytogenetics Inherited Diseases Phenotypic Traits |
| What is the size of the cat genome | 20,000 genes |
| How many chromosomes does a domestic cat have | 38 chromosomes 18 pairs autosomal 1 pair of sex |
| What are 2 chromosomal abnormalities that cats do not get | do not have a fragile X repeat on the X chromosome (assoc. with intellectual disabilities) analogue to Down's Syndrome |
| What chromosomal abnormalities are seen in cats | XO cats Klinefelter's (XXY) |
| in XXY tortie toms what does the extra X chromosome introduce in terms of coat coloring | possibility of orange and non-orange alleles, which produce orange and non-orange coat spotting |
| What are hemizygous and what gender has it | Carry only 1 allele for this trait toms |
| Lyonization | Inactivation of 1 of the X chromosomes |
| Barr Body | X-chromosome inactivated by supercoiling |
| In what stage of development does lyonization occur | blastula |
| What were the first genetic mutations identified in cats | gangliosidosis muscular dystrophy |
| What is Gangliosidosis | Lacking an enzyme to metabolize certain lipids |
| What does Gangliosidosis cause | accumulation of lipids (gangliosides) in neuronal cells |
| What are the two types of Gangliosidosis | GM1 and GM2 |
| What is GM1 | lack enzyme acid beta galoctosidase |
| What is GM2 | lack of enzymes hexosaminidase A and B |
| Clinical signs of Gangliosidosis | Ataxia Dysmetria Tremors Nystagmus WBCs may contain cytoplasmic granules Facial dysmorphism |
| How long do kittens with Gangliosidosis typically live | 8-10 months of age |
| For cats with the GM1 mutation, what has increased their lifespan by 6x | Intracranial Injection of AAV gene therapy |
| How is Gangliosidosis inherited | autosomal recessive homozygous |
| What are muscles deficient in for the disease Muscular dystrophy | the dystrophin protein |
| What breeds commonly get GM1 gangliosidosis | korat siamese domestic cats |
| What breeds commonly get GM2 gangliosidosis | Korat Burmese Domestic Cat |
| What breed commonly gets muscular dystrophy | domestic shorthair |
| Clinical Signs of Muscular Dystrophy | regurgitation stiff bunny-hopping gait progressive muscle stiffness muscle atrophy or hypertrophy cardiomyopathy serum chemistry panel shows increase in creatine kinase poor prognosis, progressively fatal |
| How is muscular dystrophy inherited | x-linked recessive |
| Who is predominantly affected by muscular dystrophy | male cats |
| Cats with PKD have ____ on their _____ | cysts; kidneys |
| In cats with PKD what varies between cats | number of cysts and rate that the cysts enlarge |
| Cats affected with PKD will not show signs of | kidney disease around 7 years of age |
| How is PKD inherited | autosomal dominant |
| What breed has a high incidence of PKD | Persian |
| Clinical Signs of PKD | Increased thirst and urination nausea and vomiting decreased appetitive and weight loss blood in urine |
| Treatment/management of PKD | No treatment manage with diet, fluid therapy, medications to reduce nausea and vomiting |
| What color patterns are affected by different loci | Agouti Brown Colorpoint restriction Dilute Amber |
| What does the Agouti signaling protein (ASIP) interact with | Melanocortin 1 receptor |
| What does the Melanocortin 1 receptor interaction result in | switching between red and black pigments created banding pattern in each hair |
| What type of inheritance does Agouti use | autosomal recessive mode |
| Does the same gene that does Agouti patterning result in the dark stripe patterns (aka tabby pattern) interspersed with lighter hairs in agouti | no, different gene |
| What is an example of when a/a cats will show tabby patterning | red/orange (sex-lined) |
| What is reduced in cats for them to appear black | eumelanin (black pigment) |
| what gene affects the amount of black pigment produced | Tyrosinase-related protein-1 |
| what are the different mutations of the brown gene | splice variant non-sense mutation |
| What mutation results in a splice variant aka chocolate color | mutation in an intron |
| What does the non-sense mutation of the brown gene result in | cinnamon/red color |
| Where are color points associated with | temperature sensitive productive |
| Color point is ______ to wild type | recessive |
| What gene is affected for the color point mutation | Tyrosinase (TYR) |
| How does the tyrosinase (TYR) gene affect melanin production | enzyme |
| What 2 breed alleles have temperature sensitive colorpoints | Burmese and Siamese allele |
| What does the Burmese allele result in | darker points than the body and yellow-gray/yellow-green eyes |
| What does the Siamese allele result in | less pigment production at points and blue eyes |
| What does the dilute gene cause | uneven distribution and clumping of pigment granules |
| How does the dilute gene occur | mutation in the melanophilin gene gene encodes a carrier protein |
| How does the amber coat color occur | black pigment in coat gradually replaced with a yellow pigment |
| What is the mode of inheritance of the amber coat color | autosomal recessive |
| What cat breed commonly has an amber coat | Norwegian Forest Cat |
| What other tests can be run on cats | Parentage Ancestry Blood Groups |
| How much does it cost to test your cat's DNA for genes | $750 |
| What are some ways the genetic tests wont be accurate | Incomplete penetrance Age of onset Multiple genes can contribute to a phenotype Redundancy of codons |
| In order to differentiate a cat from a chicken, which genetic material is typically used? Exam of specific gene in the sex chromosomes Exam of specific gene in the autosomes Exam of specific gene in the mitochondrial DNA None the above | Exam of specific gene in the mitochondrial DNA |
| The physical appearance of a cat is influenced by… Various alleles Various genetic mutations The environment a cat lives in All of the above | All |
| _____ is the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes to prevent the over expression of genes in the sex chromosomes of females compared to males. | Lyonization |
| The color point mutation is the lack of the ______ enzyme(s) in melanin production. | tyrosinase |
| What is an X-linked recessive disease in cats? Poly cystic kidney disease Muscular dystrophy Gangliosidosis Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Muscular dystrophy |
| What is a reason why genetic tests can yield incorrect results? Incomplete penetrance Multiple genes can contribute to a phenotype Redundancy in the genetic code All of the above | All |
| Which cats are have a higher predisposition of polycystic disease? Persian Norwegian Forest Scottish fold Bengal | Persian |
| Which agouti genotype(s) result(s) in a solid color hair? A/A and A/a a/a | a/a |
| The costs to sequence the genome of a cat is approximately ____. $750 $1,500 $50,000 $100,000 | $750 |
| There are genetic tests to screen for potential ancestry in a cat. Is this statement true or false? True False | True |
| Each Cat Registry has a different number of breeds that they recognize, but they have the same breed standards and show rules. True or False? True False | False |
| The TICA recognizes how many cat breeds? 25 45 73 75 | 73 |
| What breed of cat always has a short, dense silver tipped coat and green eyes? Devon Rex Ragdoll Russian Blue Siamese | Russian Blue |
| What percentage of Scottish Fold kittens in a litter are born with folded ears? 10% 25% 50% 100% | 50% |
| Which of the following cat breeds was almost lost during WWII and domestic shorthair crosses were used to revive the breed? British Shorthair American Shorthair Bombay Turkish Angora | British Shorthair |
| The gene that makes the curly coat in the Cornish Rex is the exact same as the Devon Rex. True or False? True False | False |
| What cat is born with color points that are dark, but as the cat gets older and the coat matures, the body color becomes deeper and richer and eventually there is very little difference between the points and the rest of the body color? | Burmese |
| The shoulder of the cat is ________ to the elbow, or that the elbow is ________ to the shoulder”. | Dorsal, ventral |
| When thinking about an injury to a cat’s tail, if the injury was at the tip of the tail, you would say that it is a _________ injury to the tail. Cranial Distal Proximal Rostral | Distal |
| Attachment site that does not move | Muscle origin |
| Muscle attachment site that moves | Muscle insertion |
| Joint angle that decreases | flexion |
| Joint angle that increases | extension |
| You should always do a rectal exam on a cat as part of your physical exam, regardless of their size and condition. True False | False |
| The right side of the heart deals with _________ blood and pumps the blood to the lungs, so the right side is _______and doesn’t have as much muscle. | deoxygenated; thinner |
| Bony protuberances are attachment points for muscles and are good landmarks for palpation. True or False? True False | True |
| Up to what percent of hyperthyroid cats have a palpable thyroid goiter? 90% 30% 10% 70% | 90% |
| What should the liver be evaluated for in a physical exam | Evaluated for masses or enlargement in the cranial abdomen |
| What should the Kidney be evaluated for in a physical exam | Assess size, shape, and abnormalities on abdominal palpation |
| What should the urinary bladder be evaluated for in a physical exam | assess for urine volume and abnormalities like stones |
| What should the small intestine be evaluated for in a physical exam | evaluate for foreign bodies, thickening or abnormal contents |
| What should the colon be evaluated for in a physical exam | check for firm fecal matter during palpation |
| What is cystocentesis? | Collection of urine directly from the bladder using a needle |
| Why is the left ventricular wall thicker than the right ventricular wall? | It must generate higher pressure to pump blood throughout the body. |
| During thyroid surgery, damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve may result in: | Laryngeal paralysis and respiratory dysfunction |
| The sympathetic fibers involved in Horner syndrome pass near which anatomical structure, making it an important location to investigate? | Tympanic bulla |
| Which venipuncture site is commonly used for obtaining a large, high-quality blood sample in cats? | Jugular vein |
| Which lung has four lobes in the cat? | Right lung |
| Which skeletal landmark combination is used to evaluate a suspected hip luxation? Wing of the ilium, greater trochanter, and tuber ischii Olecranon, radius, ulna Scapula, humerus, radius Mandible, zygomatic arch, and atlas | Wing of the ilium, greater trochanter, and tuber ischii |
| What is the feline vertebral formula? C7-T13-L7-S3-Cd18+ C7-T12-L8-S3-Cd15 C8-T13-L6-S2-Cd18 C6-T12-L6-S4-Cd20 | C7-T13-L7-S3-Cd18+ |
| The spleen is a palpable abdominal structure in many cats. True False | True |
Created by:
Kayla_K