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Chapter 4-Tissues
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue | group of similar cells performing a special function and includes extracellular environment of cell. |
| avascular | made of cells so tightly packed that no blood vessels penetrate them |
| Epithelial | found in skin, body cavities, and organ linings. It forms glands |
| Covering and lining Epithelium | anchors skin, organs, and cavities |
| Simple squamous epithelium | flattened, single layer, centrally located nucleus. It is found where cells must be thin to allow materials to diffuse through and it lines blood vessel walls, lymphatic vessels, tiny capillaries, and air sacs of lungs and body cavity lining. |
| Simple cuboidal | cube shaped, single layer, Central nucleus, often has cilia or microvilli along free surface. It forms wall of small tubes or ducts that carry secretion and is found in kidneys, liver, and some glands. |
| Simple columnar | single layer, elongated cylindrical, nucleus located toward attachment. It secretes a lot so it has a lot of mitochondria and Golgi Apparatus. It's found in uterus and digestive organs. the microvilli in intestines aid in absorption of food particles. |
| Stratified Squamous | multi-layered, covers areas that have a lot of wear, flattened. outer layer of skin and all openings to the body to protect from abrasions |
| pseudostratified columnar epithelium | single layer, irregular shape and nucleus location. long cilia creates currents for mucus movement. found in trachea and bronchi |
| transitional epithelium | multi-layered, cube-like or irregular shape. can expand and recoil. bladder and ureters |
| glandular epithelium | closely packed and highly specialized to manufacture and secrete products |
| exocrine glands | empty their products into ducts which sends it to its place of need. sweat glands, oil glands, salivary glands, and some mucus glands. composed of more than 1 type of tissue so they're considered organs |
| endocrine glands | secretes products into extracellular area where they can get into bloodstream to be distributed. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal. they are organs and form endocrine system. |
| pituitary | base of brain |
| thyroid | neck |
| adrenal | top of kidneys |
| connective tissue | widely scattered throughout body. important for support and "glues" tissue and organs in place. |
| connective tissue proper | found throughout the body and has 3 types |
| loose connective | most widespread, fibers are loose, disorganized, and surrounded by fluid. located beneath skin, around blood vessels, and between muscles |
| macrophages | cushions organs, provides support without restricting movement, and is important during times of infection |
| adipose tissue | large, spherical cells containing fat. stores energy as fat, insulating padding between organs-shock absorber. amount depends on energy requirement. its deep under skin. exercise, nutrition, and hormones influence |
| dense connective tissue | packed tightly. is located between skeletal muscles and bone, between bone, covering of muscle and capsules for organs. provides firm attachment of muscles so they can pull stabilizes bones, prevent overexpansion of organs such as bladder |
| cartilage | very dense, firm with many protein fibers in matrix. 3 types in adults that differ in types of Fibers |
| hyaline | bluish, white in color. most abundant and weakest. trachea, larynx, bronchi, end of bones where joints move, between ribs and sternum, part of nasal septum. provides stiff but flexible support. found in skeletons of fetus and precedes bones in kids. |
| larynx | voice box |
| elastic | yellowish, firm but flexible. ears, end of nose, flap of larynx called epiglottis. provides support but tolerates distortion without damage and returns to original shape. |
| epiglottis | flap of larynx |
| Bone Connective Tissue | intercellular material is filled with mineral salts and collagenous fibers making hard and durable. 2 types |
| matrix | dense intercellular |
| osteocytes | bone cells lay within chamber called lacunae |
| lacunae | chamber that holds bone cells (osteocytes) |
| periosteum | membrane surrounding dense bones that nourish the osteocytes |
| Compact Bone | so densely packed, nourishment must be supplied to osteocytes through blood vessels that run through canals in bone called haversian canals |
| Fibrocartilage | solid but flexible. acts like a shock absorber |
Created by:
cj422