Portuguese/Spanish ship used for long voyages (high speed); mainly used from 15th to 17th centuries

triangular sails could easily catch wind coming from many directions allowing ship to travel in different directions

: used by sailors to determine their distance north or south of the equator; improved by Muslims

7. Christopher Columbus:

1492 sailled across the Ocean blue (Atlantic OCean)- New World

8. Columbian Exchange

: transfer of crops, animals, and disease between the Eastern and Western hemispheres

Europeans brought smallpox to the Americas and infected indigenous people who had no immunity to the disease

: type of corn; Incas developed a terrace system to grow it

11. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

: Europeans enslaved African men, women, and children, and took them to the Americas

: individuals were property to be bought and sold

: coercive labor system; landowners convinced indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food and shelter, land and labor

land given to conquistadors for their efforts, sugar plantations

forced labor used by the indigenous people by the SPANISH, used by the Incans first, a draft of people to work the land

18. Indentured servitude

: servants worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage

ruler of Ndongo; became an ally of Portugal

20. Nat Turner’s rebellion

led a rebellion of enslaved people on August 21, 1831; led to harsher slavery legislation

: having multiple partners/spouses

trade = wealth; maximize exports and minimize imports, finite amount of gold and silver in the world, created competition (finite- limited

24. Joint Stock Companies

business owned by shareholders where they can sell or buy shares from each other

25. Tokugawa Shogunate

reorganized Japanese government to centralize the feudal system

: bottom of casta system; people with mixed-race ancestry, Spanish version

: social system where individual are ranked based on power and authority

: top of casta system; people born on the Iberian peninsula

middle of casta system; people of European ancestry born in the Americas

people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry

people of mixed European and African ancestry

person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb

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HONORS UNIT 4 VOCAB

Term	Definition
2. Caravel:	Portuguese/Spanish ship used for long voyages (high speed); mainly used from 15th to 17th centuries
carrack	Portuguese ship
4. Lateen sail:	triangular sails could easily catch wind coming from many directions allowing ship to travel in different directions
5. Astrolabe:	: used by sailors to determine their distance north or south of the equator; improved by Muslims
7. Christopher Columbus:	1492 sailled across the Ocean blue (Atlantic OCean)- New World
8. Columbian Exchange	: transfer of crops, animals, and disease between the Eastern and Western hemispheres
9. Smallpox	Europeans brought smallpox to the Americas and infected indigenous people who had no immunity to the disease
10. Maize	: type of corn; Incas developed a terrace system to grow it
11. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade	: Europeans enslaved African men, women, and children, and took them to the Americas
12. Chattel slavery	: individuals were property to be bought and sold
13. Encomienda	: coercive labor system; landowners convinced indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food and shelter, land and labor
14. Conquistadors:	Spanish conquerors
15. Hacienda	land given to conquistadors for their efforts, sugar plantations

17. Mita	forced labor used by the indigenous people by the SPANISH, used by the Incans first, a draft of people to work the land
18. Indentured servitude	: servants worked for a certain number of years in exchange for passage
19. Queen Nzinga:	ruler of Ndongo; became an ally of Portugal
20. Nat Turner’s rebellion	led a rebellion of enslaved people on August 21, 1831; led to harsher slavery legislation
21. Polygamy	: having multiple partners/spouses
22. Mercantilism:	trade = wealth; maximize exports and minimize imports, finite amount of gold and silver in the world, created competition (finite- limited
24. Joint Stock Companies	business owned by shareholders where they can sell or buy shares from each other
25. Tokugawa Shogunate	reorganized Japanese government to centralize the feudal system
26. Casta	: bottom of casta system; people with mixed-race ancestry, Spanish version
27. Hierarchy system	: social system where individual are ranked based on power and authority
28. Peninsulares	: top of casta system; people born on the Iberian peninsula
29. Criollos/creoles	middle of casta system; people of European ancestry born in the Americas
30. Mestizos:	people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry
31. Mulattos	people of mixed European and African ancestry
33. Saint Lazarus	person who Jesus raised from the dead after four days in the tomb

Created by: jhartmannn

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