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Acids and Bases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| An acids reaction on litmus paper | Blue -> red |
| A bases reaction on litmus paper | Red -> blue |
| How do bases react with grease and oil | They turn them into soluble soaps |
| What base is found in toothpaste | Sodium bicarbonate |
| What base is found in milk of magnesia | Magnesium Hydroxide |
| What is Arrhenius' definition of an acid | A substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions |
| How does Nitric acid react in water (equation) | HNO3 -> H+ + NO3- |
| Monobasic acid | Molecule that dissociates in water to give one H+ ion. |
| Dibasic acid | Molecule that dissociates in water to give two H+ ions. |
| Tribasic Acid | Molecule that dissociates in water to give three H+ ions |
| Monobasic acid example | Hydrogen Chloride |
| Dibasic acid example | Sulfuric Acid |
| Tribasic acid example | Phosphoric Acid |
| Arrhenius' definition of a strong acid | A substance that almost completely dissociates in water to form H+ ions |
| Arrhenius' definition of a weak acid | A substance that slightly dissociates in water to form H+ ions. |
| Arrhenius' definition of a base | A substance that dissociates in water to form OH- ions |
| Arrhenius' definition of a strong base | A substance that almost completely dissociates in water to form OH- ions. |
| Arrhenius' definition a weak base | A substance that slightly dissociates in water to form OH- ions. |
| What is a dative or coordinate covalent bond | In this bond, both electrons come from the same atom. |
| Bronsted Lowry definition of an acid | A proton donor |
| Bronsted definition of a strong acid | A good proton donor |
| Bronsted Lowry definition of a weak acid | A poor proton donor |
| Bronsted Lowry definition of a base | A proton acceptor |
| Bronsted Lowry definition of a strong base | A good proton acceptor |
| Bronsted Lowry definition of a weak base | A poor proton acceptor |
| Amphoteric Molecule | Can act as either an acid or a base |
| Amphoteric Molecule example | Water |
| Conjugate base | an acid turns into a conjugate base when it donates a proton |
| Conjugate acid | a base turns into a conjugate acid when it accepts a proton |
| Conjugate acid base pair | A pair consisting of an acid and base that differ by exactly one proton |
| Salt | The substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by metal or an ammonium ion |
| Neutralisation | the reaction between an acid and base to form salt and water |
| Limitations/Differences between the Arhenius Theory and Bronsted Lowry theory | Arhenius' theory is limited to reactions in water. Arhenius' theory does not take the existence of the hydronium ion into account H3O. |
| Examples of neutralisation (1) | 1. Medicine: Overeating and stress can lead to the stomach producing too much HCl. Relief is obtained from taking milk of magnesia which is an anti acid. |
| Examples of neutralisation (2) | 2. Agriculture: Farmers spread lime (calcium oxide) on soil if it is too acidic. The lime reacts with water to form limewater (calcium hydroxide). The calcium hydroxide neutralises the acidity of the soil. |
| How does milk of magnesia react to neutralise stomach acids. | Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + 2H2O |
| How does lime neutralise soil. | CaO + H2O -> Ca(OH)2 and after Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4 - |
Created by:
Miki_Szn
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