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Ch 10 A.H.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | “the lady who started the Civil War”; wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin; exaggerated in the book to make the South seem evil |
| Eliza Harris | slave who escapes her home on Shelby plantation when her child is about to be sold; heads North while avoiding slave catchers; finds help along the Underground Railroad |
| Uncle Tom | main character from the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin; humble and God fearing |
| Simon Legree | slave owner who kills Uncle Tom |
| Samuel F. B. Morse | patented the telegraph (think of Morse code) |
| John L. O’Sullivan | New York journalist who coined the phrase ‘manifest destiny’ |
| Moses Austin | gets permission to start a colony of Americans in Texas; dies before he can go to Texas |
| Stephen Austin | takes over starting an American colony in Texas for his dad; only chooses hard |
| General Santa Anna | dictator of Mexico in 1833; wants to enforce Mexican rules and even kick the Americans out of Texas to keep Texas Mexican |
| Sam Houston | leader of Americans in Texas who wanted to fight Mexico to stay in Texas; became president of Texas when it was an independent republic |
| Col. William Travis, Jim Bowie, and Davy Crockett | led 200 Texans during the battle of the Alamo |
| Goliad | battle where 300 Texans surrendered to Santa Anna under agreement that they would be treated fairly but were eventually executed; 2 weeks after the Alamo |
| San Jacinto | the place where Texans finally defeat Santa Anna’s troops |
| John Tyler | signed a treaty of annexation with Texas in April 1844 |
| James K. Polk | elected president of the U.S. after Texas was a part of our nation; wanted more land from Mexico |
| John Slidell | Ambassador sent by President Polk to offer Mexico money in exchange for New Mexico and California (Mexicans didn’t let him in or even want to listen to his offer) |
| General Zachary Taylor | Mexican War general; led 3,000 American troops to southern Texas; got into a fight with the Mexicans and Americans died on American soil (which is what Polk wanted so he could get congress to declare war); won a series of victories |
| Captain John C. Frémont | led the American expedition to California; drove the Mexican army out of Northern California (known as the Bear Flag Revolt) |
| William B. Ide | led a group that launched a surprise attack on the town of Sonoma on June 14 and proclaimed the Republic of California |
| General Stephen Kearny | led U.S. troops that crossed into New Mexico (July 1846); later, took parts of his army and marched west to California to join Frémont |
| General Winfield Scott | led forces dispatched by President Polk to take Mexico City; defeated Santa Anna’s forces and captured Mexico City, bringing the war to an end |
| David Wilmot | attached a proviso/amendment to the bill that “as an express and fundamental condition of the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico… slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory” |
| John C. Calhoun | U.S. Senator from South Carolina; major PRO slavery voice |
| Daniel Webster | U.S. Senator of Massachusetts; major ANTI slavery voice for the north |
| Henry Clay | U.S. Senator from Kentucky; known as the “compromiser”; wrote the MO Compromise and Compromise of 1850 |
| Stephen A. Douglas | U.S. Senator from IL; helps to get Congress to approve the Compromise of 1850; debates against Lincoln; POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY is key to his political career |
| Amos Lawrence | ran the New England Emigrant Aid Society → paid people to move from New England to Kansas to vote against slavery |
| John Brown | believes he is God’s instrument to end slavery, so in response to the Sack of Lawrence, he leads a group that beats and kills 5 men in pro |
| Senator Charles Sumner | Senator from Massachusetts; criticizes Andrew Butler saying he was sick because God is punishing him for his pro |
| Senator Andrew Butler | Senator from South Carolina; criticized by Charles Sumner; nephew was Preston Brooks |
| Preston Brooks | South Carolina Representative; gets upset with Charles Sumner and beats him with a cane |
| Dred Scott | was a slave who sued for his freedom after his owner died; |
| Chief Justice Roger Taney | made the decision of the Dred Scott case |
| Jefferson Davis | former senator from Mississippi, elected president of the conferecy |
| Senator John J. Crittenden | senator from Kentucky |
| Union | the U.S. as a national unit; or, during the Civil War, the North |
| Prejudice | an unreasonable, usually unfavorable opinion of another group |
| Obsolete | outdated |
| Manifest Destiny | argument that it was the undeniable fate of the U.S. to expand across North America |
| Annex | to join or attach, as in the joining of a new territory to an existing country |
| Mexican War | conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, ending with a U.S. victory |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | treaty signed in 1848 by the U.S. and Mexico, ending the Mexican War |
| Gadsden Purchase | the 1853 purchase by the U.S. of southwestern lands from Mexico |
| Wilmot Proviso | amendment to an 1846 bill stating that slavery would not be permitted in any of the territory acquired from Mexico; though it never became law, Northerners continued to attach it to bills related to new territories |
| Compromise of 1850 | agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories |
| Fugitive Slave Act | part of the Compromise of 1850, a law ordering all citizens of the U.S. to assist in the return of slaves |
| Nativism | a policy of favoring native |
| Kansas Nebraska Act | 1854 law that called for the creation of these 2 new territories, and stated that the citizens in each territory should decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
| Popular Sovereignty | policy of letting the people in a territory decide whether slavery would be allowed there |
| Free Soiler | person dedicated to preventing the expansion of slavery into the western territories |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | 1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that living in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional |
| a series of 7 debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas on the issue of slavery in the territories | lincoln Douglas Debates |
| Arsenal | place where weapons are made or stored |
| Border States | in the Civil War, the states between the North and South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri |
| Lower South | states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina |
| Secessionist | person who wanted the South to secede |
| Confederate States of America | association of 7 seceding Southern states, formed in 1861 |
| Fort Sumter | federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War |
| Upper South | designation used in the Civil War encompassing the states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas |
| Oregon Trail | trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon, used by many pioneers during the 1840s |
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