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AP Psych 1

AP Psych

TermDefinition
Cultural norms The shared rules and expectations for how people in a culture should behave
Confirmation bias The tendency to look for information that supports what you already believe.
Hindsight bias The tendency to believe, after something happens, that you knew it would happen all along.
Overconfidence The tendency to be more confident in your knowledge or abilities than is reasonable
Independent variable The variable that a researcher changes or controls to see its effect.
Confounding variable An outside factor that could affect the results of an experiment and make it unclear what caused the outcome.
Dependent variable The variable that is measured to see if it was affected by the independent variable.
Random assignment Putting participants into different experimental groups by chance
Case study An in-depth study of one person, group, or situation.
Correlation A relationship between two variables; when one changes, the other tends to change too.
Positive correlation Two variables move in the same direction: as one increases, the other tends to increase
Negative correlation Two variables move in opposite directions: as one increases, the other tends to decrease.
Meta-analysis A study that combines the results of many different studies to find an overall conclusion.
Naturalistic observation Observing and recording behavior in its natural environment without interfering.
Hypothesis A testable prediction about how two or more variables are related.
Falsifiable A hypothesis must be able to be proven wrong through testing or observation.
Operational definitions Specific, measurable definitions of the variables used in a study.
Replication Repeating a study to see if the same results can be found again.
Central tendency A measure that describes the typical or center of a set of data.
Variation How much the scores in a data set differ from one another.
Percentile rank The percentage of scores that are at or below a particular score.
Mean The average: add all scores and divide by the number of scores.
Median The middle score when the numbers are put in order.
Mode The score that occurs most often.
Range The difference between the highest and lowest scores.
Normal curve A bell-shaped distribution where most scores are near the middle and fewer are at the extremes.
Positive skew A distribution with a long tail toward the right (higher scores).
Negative skew A distribution with a long tail toward the left (lower scores).
Bimodal distribution A distribution with two distinct peaks, often showing two groups in the data.
Standard deviation A measure of how much scores typically spread out from the mean.
Regression toward the mean The tendency for unusually high or low scores to become closer to average when measured again.
Sample The smaller group of people actually studied in research.
Population The entire group that a researcher wants to learn about.
Created by: user-2042987
 

 



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