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Chapter 1 A&P Quiz

Vocab and Review Questions

QuestionAnswer
Biology study of living organisms and the environments they live in
Atoms join together to make a molecule
Molecules Make up a cell
cell The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
tissue A group of similar cells that perform a particular function
organ Made up of several types of tissues
organ system Work together to accomplish a common purpose
organisms Collection of organ systems
population Members of similar organisms within a particular area
species All of the populations of similar organisms that are capable of interbreeding
community Interacting populations in a given area
ecosystem The community of populations interacts with the physical environment
biosphere All of the Earth's ecosystems
energy The capacity to do work
metabolism The breakdown of food
photosynthesis Harvest the energy of the sun and convert it to chemical energy
homeostasis A constant stable internal environment
reproduce cells come into being from preexisting cells
growth increase in size and often in the number of cells
development Indicate all the changes that occur from the time the egg is fertilized until death
dna Genetic info of all life
genes Short sequences of hereditary material that specify the instructions for a specific trait
mutations Minor variations in genes
evolution The process by which a population changes over time
natural selection The mechanism by which evolution occurs
adaptation A variation to change to the environment
domains all life belonging to one of these, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
kingdom domain Eukarya was divided into four kingdoms. (later in stack)
supergroup new taxonic group
protists very diverse group of eukaryotic organisms
plants multicellular, photosynthetic organisms
fungi familiar molds and mushrooms that decompose dead organisms
animals multicellular organisms that must ingest and process their food
scientific method standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge that is widely accepted among scientists.
science a way of knowing about the natural world
observation a formal way of watching the natural world
inductive reasoning when a person uses creative thinking to combine isolated facts into a cohesive whole.
hypothesis possible explanation for a natural event
prediction an expected outcome
experiment a series of procedures, to test a hypothesis
deductive reasoning involves "if.. then" logic
experimental design a scientist intends to conduct an experiment
experimental variable contribution of a specific variable, the observation
responding variable dependent variable
control group experiment contains
model help test a hypothesis
data results
conclusion see if hypothesis is supported or not
scientific theories accepted explanations for how the world works
principle law
placebo appears to be the same, but is fake
technology application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans
climate change refers to change in the normal cycles of earth's climate that may be attributed to human activity
global warming increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere causing a rise in temperature
extinction death of a species or larger classification category
emerging diseases new to humans, new forms of viruses
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY Anatomy: Study of body structure Physiology: Study of body function Genetics: study of heredity Ecology: Interactions between organisms and the environment Microbiology: study of microscopic organisms
CHARACTERS OF LIFE (& examples) -Living things are made up of cells. (cells are the building blocks of life) -Living things use energy. (organisms require a constant input of power) -Living things respond to stimuli. (organisms detect and react to changes in environment)
CHARACTERS OF LIFE (continued) -Living things grow and develop. (change form over time) -Living things maintain homeostasis. (shivering when cold) -Living things reproduce -Living things have an evolutionary history. (adapted or descended from common ancestors)
CELL THEORY -Schleiden, Schwann, & Virchow came up with it. -All organisms are made up of cells -Cells are the basic unit of life -All cells come from preexisting cells
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Atom > Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism > Species > Population > Community > Ecosystem > Biosphere
METABOLISM & ENERGY Metabolism: all chemical reactions in the body. (Anabolism>builds (dna replication) Catabolism>breaks down (digestion) -ATP is the usable energy source of all cells
HOMEOSTASIS Homeostasis: maintains stable and internal conditions Ex:body temp & glucose regulation -Stable conditions are necessary for cell survival -Negative: reverses change -Positive: amplifies
ADAPTATION & NATURAL SELECTION Natural Selection: The fundamental process of evolution where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive & produce more offspring. Adaptation: The evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited to its habitat over gens.
DOMAINS -Categories higher than kingdoms Bacteria: Formerly Euobacteria Kingdom, includes common bacteria. Archaea: Formerly Archaebacteria Kingdom, includes ancient microorganisms. Eukarya: includes plants, animals, fungi, and protists
KINGDOMS Plantae: established in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus, includes all multicellular plants. Animalia: established in 1735 by Carl Linnaeus, includes all multicellular animals.
KINGDOMS (continued) Protista: established in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel, single-celled organisms not fitting in plants or animals. Bacteria: established in early 1900s by Herbert Copeland Fungi: established 1969 by Robert Whitaker, molds and mushrooms that decompose organisms.
PROKARYOTIC & EUKARYOTIC Prokaryotic: single-celled organisms that do not have a distinct nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic: living things whose cells feauture a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus & other specialized internal compartments called organelles.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD & STEPS Scientific Method: science studies the natural world using this systematic process. -Making Observations -Gathering Data -Forming a Hypothesis -Designing Experiments
HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis: a testable explantation or prediction based on observations
INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, & CONSTANTS VARIABLES Independent: the factor you change or manipulate in an experiment. Dependent: the factor you measure or observe as a response. Constant: a factor that is kept the same throughout an experiment to ensure fair & accurate results.
EXPERIMENTAL & CONTROL GROUPS Experimental: the factor you manipulate to observe its effect. Control: a group where the experiment variable is not changed, serving as a standard.
INDUCTIVE & DEDUCTIVE REASONING Inductive: helps combine specific observations into a broader hypothesis. Deductive: predicts what should happen if the hypothesis is true.
PEER REVIEW -Ensures that research is valid, reliable, and free from errors.
SCIENTIFIC BIAS -Any systematic error in research design, data collection, analysis, or publication that leads to an inaccurate or distorted result.
WHY EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IS IMPORTANT -Good experimental design minimizes errors & increases reliability. -Helps ensure results are due to experimental value, not other factors.
HOW SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ARE RELATED -Science explores the principles of the natural world, while technology applies scientific knowledge to meet society's needs. Together, they help us understand and solve global challenges.
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY & HABITATS -Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth, protecting biodiversity is crucial for maintaining ecological balance. Habitats are being destroyed by human activities, loss of habitats leads to species extinction and weakens ecosytems.
EMERGING & REEMERGING DISEASES -Emerging diseases are completely new to humans and there has not been previous exposure, something we have never heard of. -Reemerging diseases are known to humans and have caused known destruction.
Created by: eoehmke
 

 



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