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Intro to Biopsych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biopsychology definition | scientific study of the biology of behavior |
| behavior is the product of these 3 things interacting... | 1) genetics 2) experience 3) perception of the current situation |
| 2 main dimensions of research | 1) subjects (human or nonhuman) 2) design (experiment or nonexperiment) |
| pros and cons of humans in research | pros: have human brains, follow instructions, report experiences cons: random & unique, can't control "you", on the macro-level |
| pros and cons of nonhumans in research | pros: controlled, micro-level cons: nonhuman brains |
| what are confounding variables? | variables that we don't think about that we try our best to remove |
| difference between experiments and non-experiments | experiments are controlled manipulation of variables, while non-experiments don't have control of variables of interest |
| quasi-experimental meaning | real-world groups; getting data, but not strong data (ex. humans that drink alcohol, but different amounts) |
| physiological psychology definition | study of neural mechanisms of behavior by manipulating the nervous system of nonhuman animals in controlled experiments |
| aspects of physiological psychology | -needs a map + tool -remove, damage, or inactivate a structure (can be unilateral or bilateral) -electrical stimulation activates a structure |
| how do recordings work with physiological psychology? | a small wire/tubing is put through the brain to put next to a neuron to record electrical activity |
| psychopharmacology definition | study the effect of drugs in humans and nonhumans (only division that uses both!) |
| aspects of psychopharmacology | -administer drug to increase/decrease the effects of chemical messengers in the brain to observe behavior -drugs are administered by inhalation, oral, injection, and cannula |
| what are immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization used to find? | chemicals (neurotransmitters) |
| what is cerebral microdialysis? | a tube is implanted, and then chemicals are analyzed that are found outside the cells and are sucked out |
| what are radio tracers? | an imaging technology. a drug is administered for/against a specific target. it then grabs a hold of the neurotransmitter to see where it goes |
| neuropsychology definition | psychological effects of brain damage in human patients (non-experiments) |
| strategy of neuropsychology | assess cognitive functions of neurologic patients using a test battery. time-consuming, refines diagnosis |
| common test battery methodology | full scale IQ test (verbal, motor, etc.) very big picture |
| what is language lateralization? | sodium amytal is administered into the brain, which puts half the brain to sleep, to find out that language is predominantly in the left brain |
| psychophysiology definition | study of relation between gross recording of activity (electrodes placed on head) on humans, and changes in behavior are recorded while doing a certain task. |
| 5 widely studied measures | 1) brain (EEG). recording large number of cells) 2) muscle tension: EMG (sleep/awake) 3) eye movement: electrooculography (rapid eye movement) 4) skin conductance 5) cardiovascular activity |
| cognitive neuroscience definition | neural mechanisms of human cognition (HOLY GRAIL) non-experiment |
| aspects of cognitive neuroscience | -using imaging to look inside brain to see which parts are active -need blood flow where neurons are activated, must be in machine |
| PET scan | inject radioactive substance, have subject perform behavior. follows where sugar goes, active cells take up the substance |
| fMRI scan (preferred) | no substance injected, have subject perform behavior. tracks which blood is oxygenated/non-oxygenated |
| comparative psychology definition | genetic manipulation, nonhuman (experimental) |
| aspects of comparative psychology | -usually done in mice, alter genetic part of brain, observe behavior -open field test, colony-intruder, sexual behavior |
Created by:
madalynes