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georgraphy voc 9-1-2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| continents | land masses above water on earth |
| solar system | consist of the sun and 9 known planets, as well as other celestial bodies that orbit the sun |
| core | center of the earth made up of iron and nickel |
| mantle | surrounds the core, has several layers, and contains most of the earth's mass |
| magma | molten rock that forms in mantle and rises through crust |
| crust | thin layer of rock at the earth's surface |
| atmosphere | layer that surrounds the earth that is full of gases ; contains oxygen that we breathe |
| lithosphere | solid rock portion of earth's surface which includes the crust and uppermost mantle |
| hydrosphere | made up of the water elements on the earth which includes oceans, seas,rivers,lakes, and water in the atomosphere |
| biosphere | part of the earth where plants and animals live |
| continental drift | idea or theory about how the earth was once a supercontinent that divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years |
| pangea | name for supercontinent; greek word meaning all earth |
| hydrologic cycle | continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans , and the earth |
| drainage basin | what geographers call an area drained by a major river and it's tributaries |
| ground water | the water held in the pores of rock |
| water table | level at which the rock is saturated and marks the rim. Can rise of fall depending on the amount of precipitation in the region and amoutn fo water pumped out of ground |
| landforms | naturally formed features on the surface of the earth ; example oceanic and continental |
| continental shelf | the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean |
| relief | difference in elevation of landform from it's lowest point to it's highest point |
| topography | combination of surface change and composition of the landforms and their distribution |
| pa-may-okee | named by the native americans as grassy water. today we call it the everglades in florida |
| tectonic plate | enormous moving pieces of the earth's lithospehere |
| fault | fracture occurs when the rock is not flexible and will crack under pressure exerted by the plate movement. |
| earthquake | occurs when the plates grind or slip past each other at a fault and the earth shakes or trembles often violent movements |
| seismograph | a special device that measures the size of the waves created by an earthquake |
| focus | location in the earth where an earthquake begins |
| epicenter | point directly above the focus on the earth' s surface |
| richter scale | a scale that uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake |
| tsunami | sometimes caused by an earthquake that causes a giant wave in the ocean |
| volcano | when magma, gases and water from the lower park of the crust or mantle collect in underground chambers and eventually pour out of a crack in the earth's surface |
| lava | magma that has reached the earth's surface |
| ring of fire | zone around the rim of the pacific ocean , location of the vast majority of active volcanoes. 8 plates meet here |
| hot spots | other location of volcanoes where magma from deep in the mantle rises and melts through the lithosphere. ex Hawaii |
| weathering | refers to physical and chemical process that change the land |
| sediment | occurs when the weathering process create small and smaller piecers of rock . mostly mud, sand or silt |
| mechanical weathering | process that break rock into smaller pieces. Does NOT change the composition of rock only the size |
| chemical weathering | occurs when rock is changed into a new substance as a result of interaction between elements in the air or water and the minerals in the rock |
| erosion | occurs when weathered material is moved by the action of wind, water, ice , or gravity. For this occur a transporting agent such as WATER must be present |
| delta | when a river enters the ocean , the sediment is deposited in a fan-like landform called? |
| loess | wind blown silt and clay sediment that produce very fertile soil . |
| glacier | large, long lasting mass of ice that moves because of gravity |
| glaciation | changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers , when glaciers move they cause erosion |
| moraine | rocks left behind by a glacier may form a ridge or hill called? |
| humus | amount of organic material, texture, amount of air and water in the soil |
Created by:
sloancaston