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Statistics Chapter 1

Statistics Chapter 1 Vocab

TermDefinition
Statistics the science of data
Descriptive statistics utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present that information in a convenient form
Inferential statistics utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data
Experimental unit an object upon which we collect data
Population a set of units that we are interested in studying
Variable a characteristic or property of an individual population unit
Sample a subset of units from a population
Statistical inference an estimate, prediction, or some other generalization about a population based on information contained in a sample
Measure of reliability a statement about the degree of uncertainty associated with a statistical inference
Quantitative data measurements that are recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale
Qualitative data measurements that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale; they can only be classified into one of a group of categories
Published source already collected and available in book or journal
Designed experiment researcher exerts strict control over the units in the study
Observation study researcher simply observes the experimental units
Survey researcher samples a group of people with one or more questions and records the responses
Representative sample exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population
Random sample a sample selected from the population in such a way that every different sample of size n has an equal chance of selection
Statistical thinking involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess data and inferences
Selection bias results when a subset of the experimental units in the population is excluded so that these units have no chance of being selected in the sample
Nonresponse bias results when the researchers conducting a survey or study are unable to obtain data on all experimental units selected for the sample
Measurement error refers to inaccuracies in the values of the data recorded
Created by: mdandress
 

 



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