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Statistics Chapter 1
Statistics Chapter 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Statistics | the science of data |
| Descriptive statistics | utilizes numerical and graphical methods to look for patterns in a data set, to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present that information in a convenient form |
| Inferential statistics | utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data |
| Experimental unit | an object upon which we collect data |
| Population | a set of units that we are interested in studying |
| Variable | a characteristic or property of an individual population unit |
| Sample | a subset of units from a population |
| Statistical inference | an estimate, prediction, or some other generalization about a population based on information contained in a sample |
| Measure of reliability | a statement about the degree of uncertainty associated with a statistical inference |
| Quantitative data | measurements that are recorded on a naturally occurring numerical scale |
| Qualitative data | measurements that cannot be measured on a natural numerical scale; they can only be classified into one of a group of categories |
| Published source | already collected and available in book or journal |
| Designed experiment | researcher exerts strict control over the units in the study |
| Observation study | researcher simply observes the experimental units |
| Survey | researcher samples a group of people with one or more questions and records the responses |
| Representative sample | exhibits characteristics typical of those possessed by the target population |
| Random sample | a sample selected from the population in such a way that every different sample of size n has an equal chance of selection |
| Statistical thinking | involves applying rational thought and the science of statistics to critically assess data and inferences |
| Selection bias | results when a subset of the experimental units in the population is excluded so that these units have no chance of being selected in the sample |
| Nonresponse bias | results when the researchers conducting a survey or study are unable to obtain data on all experimental units selected for the sample |
| Measurement error | refers to inaccuracies in the values of the data recorded |