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psych chap 1 concept

QuestionAnswer
Population The total group of individuals or subjects to be studied.
Sample A portion of the total to be used in research
Random Sample Each person has an equal chance. Issues: generalizability.
Naturalistic Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural habitat.
Naturalistic pros We get very natural behavior-not changed or manipulated.
Naturalistic cons Tell us what but not why. Very time consuming Observer does not have a lot of control over Observer bias
Case Study Intensive, in depth study of one individual or a small group.
Case Study pros Great information- Lots of conclusions about the person.
Case Study cons Hindsight bias Confabulation: honest lying Not generalizable to large groups
Survey Method Measures habits, attitudes, values, and preferences. 2 types: Written and Verbal
Survey Method pros Great deal of information- skims the surface…no why.
Survey Method cons wording effect Low response rate Social desirability sample
Correlation A statistical relationship between two variables
Positive correlation Both variables go in the same direction
Negative correlation One variable goes up, the other goes down
Correlation and its relationship with Causation Correlation does NOT mean causation: a third variable could exist
Experimental Demonstrates cause and effect by experimental method
Independent variable The experimental factor that is manipulated. The treatment itself (drug)
Dependent variable The behavior measured; the factor that might be impacted by the changes on the independent variable.
Experimental Group The group receiving the treatment
Control Group The group NOT receiving the treatment.
Extraneous Variable Factors that can affect the outcome of a study
Confounding Variable A type of extraneous variable that affects both the dependent and independent variable.
something that might affect both shoe size and better understanding of what you read? age
A link between ice cream sales and shark bites? Temp/season
Placebo Effect Sugar pill, false treatment
Blind When the subjects don’t know which group they are in.
Double Blind When both the subjects and the research assistants don’t know which group participants are in
Reliability Consistency and stability of a measure.
Validity Did the study measure what it was supposed to measure
Research Ethics Written guidelines for ethical treatment of research participants.
Informed Consent Right to be informed of risks and ability to withdraw at anytime
Deception & Debriefing Acceptable if not harmful to individual (lying/tricks). debriefing is a must
Created by: KEOgden
 

 



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