the total group of individuals or subjects to be studied

a portion of the total to be used in research

each person has an equal chance

Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural habitat(s) We get very natural behavior - not changed/manipulated

C: We cannot establish a cause and effect C: Tells us WHAT but not WHY C: Very time consuming C: Observer does not have a lot of control over participants

intensive, in-depth study of one individual or a small group, Great information - lots of conclusions about the person

C: may not generalize to large group C. Confabulation (honest lying) C. hindsight bias

C: Skims the surface…no why C: Wording effect is a concern C. Low response rate and social desirability C. Sample can be an issue

A statistical relationship between two variables

Both variables go in the same direction

One variable goes up while the other goes down

Correlation and its relationship with Causation

Correlation does not equal causation

Can demonstrate cause and effect

How can an experiment achieve its purpose

Manipulates the factors of interest Holds constant (controls) other factors

Independent Variables

The experimental factor that is manipulated, the treatment itself (Drug)

The behavior measured; the factor that might be impacted by changes on the independent

When a person receives the false treatment but actually shows symptoms because they think they received the actual treatment

When the subject doesn't know which group they're in

When both the subjects and the researchers don't know which group

Consistency/Stability of a measure Yields consistent results across time

Did the study measure what it was supposed to measure

Outside factors that could throw off a study and skew the results

The group where nothing is changing, what the experiment will be compared to.

Written guidelines for ethical treatment of research participants Studies involving people/animals must be approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB)

right to be informed of risks and ability to withdraw at anytime

Acceptable if its not harmful to an individual

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Psych 1 Concept

Question	Answer
Population	the total group of individuals or subjects to be studied
Sample	a portion of the total to be used in research
Random sample	each person has an equal chance
Naturalistic Pros	Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural habitat(s) We get very natural behavior - not changed/manipulated
Naturalistic Cons	C: We cannot establish a cause and effect C: Tells us WHAT but not WHY C: Very time consuming C: Observer does not have a lot of control over participants
Case study Pros	intensive, in-depth study of one individual or a small group, Great information - lots of conclusions about the person
Case study Cons	C: may not generalize to large group C. Confabulation (honest lying) C. hindsight bias
Survey method Pros	Great deal of information
Survey method Cons	C: Skims the surface…no why C: Wording effect is a concern C. Low response rate and social desirability C. Sample can be an issue
Correlation	A statistical relationship between two variables
Positive Correlation	Both variables go in the same direction
Negative Correlation	One variable goes up while the other goes down
Correlation and its relationship with Causation	Correlation does not equal causation
Experimental purpose	Can demonstrate cause and effect
How can an experiment achieve its purpose	Manipulates the factors of interest Holds constant (controls) other factors
Independent Variables	The experimental factor that is manipulated, the treatment itself (Drug)
Dependent Variables	The behavior measured; the factor that might be impacted by changes on the independent
Placebo Effect	When a person receives the false treatment but actually shows symptoms because they think they received the actual treatment
Blind Experiment	When the subject doesn't know which group they're in
Double blind	When both the subjects and the researchers don't know which group
Reliability	Consistency/Stability of a measure Yields consistent results across time
Validity	Did the study measure what it was supposed to measure
Extraneous variables	Outside factors that could throw off a study and skew the results
Control Group	The group where nothing is changing, what the experiment will be compared to.
Research Ethics	Written guidelines for ethical treatment of research participants Studies involving people/animals must be approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Informed consent	right to be informed of risks and ability to withdraw at anytime
Confidentiality	Keeps your information safe
Decpetion	Acceptable if its not harmful to an individual
Debriefing	Is a must

Created by: pesanders

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