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human development
test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does development begin | Conception |
| Identify the process that occurs when a zygote is created by the union of sperm and egg. | Fertilization/conception |
| What is the path the sperm travels after entering the vagina? | Cervix, uterus, then fallopian tube |
| Differentiate between fraternal and identical twins | Identical - one egg, one sperm, share 100% of genes; fraternal - two eggs, two sperm, share 50% of genes |
| Identify reasons for the rise in multiple births | Delaying childbirth and fertility drugs |
| How would you describe the study of the science of genetics | the scientific study of genes, heredity, and how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| What are the coils of DNA called? | Chromosomes |
| How many pairs of chromosomes do we have? | 23 |
| Who determines the gender of the child? | father |
| At what point after conception does the sexual differentiation of the embryo occur? | 6-7 weeks |
| What is the most common chromosomal abnormality that takes place in autosomes? | Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) |
| In what situations would a family need to seek genetic counseling? | When planning a pregnancy, experiencing pregnancy complications, or navigating epigenetic markers |
| Would height be considered an inherited, environmental, or both trait? | Inherited |
| Would children growing up in the same family necessarily have the same environment? | no |
| Obesity is an example of which influences? | Inherited and environmental |
| Define non-shared environmental effects | Accidents, illnesses, unique interactions with friends or peers |
| Define zygote. | The product of a sperm and ovum (egg) |
| In which stage of gestation does the zygote divide and implant into the wall of the uterus? | Germinal stage |
| What is the amniotic sac? | A thin, tough, fluid-filled membrane that surrounds and protects the baby in the womb |
| What is the function of the placenta? | To supply the fetus with oxygen and nutrients, remove waste, and produce essential hormones |
| During which stage of development do the major body systems and organs develop? | Embryonic stage |
| During which stage of development are babies most at risk for miscarriage? | Embryonic stage |
| What are common causes of miscarriage | Chromosomal abnormalities |
| Define teratogens | Any substance, organism, or environmental factor that can disrupt normal embryonic or fetal development and cause birth defects or structural abnormalities |
| What influences whether a teratogen will cause a birth defect? | the timing of exposure, the dose, and the genetic makeup of the developing baby |
| What can an insufficient intake of folic acid during pregnancy increase the risk for? | Birth defects (neural tube defects) |
| Which drug, used for treating acne, can cause birth defects? | Isotretonoin |
| What symptoms will a child born with fetal Alcohol Syndrome exhibit? | Facial abnormalities, slow physical growth, and developmental or behavioral challenges |
| What do doctors recommend about drinking alcohol during pregnancy | Avoid it |
| How can you reduce the transmission of HIV to the fetus during delivery? | Antiretroviral therapy and care after delivery |
| Define ultrasound | Sound waves that create a picture |
| Define amniocentesis | Prenatal operation that takes a sample of amniotic fluid to test for genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and birth defects |
| Define ovum | Egg (largest cell in human body) |
| Define implantation | The attachment of the fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus |
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